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1. Transportation of dissolved gases (O2 and CO2); nutrients (glucose derived from carbohydrates), amino acids (derived from proteins), fatty acids (derived from fats); hormones; wastes and water of metabolically active cells.
2. Regulation of pH within extracellular body fluids. Buffers(proteins which can act as weak acids and bases) are present which convert strong acids/bases to prevent large shifts of pH as a result of cellular metabolism.
3. Regulation of fluid loss through damaged vessels: hemostasis
4. Defense mechanism: some white blood cells are phagocytes (capable of ingesting foreign or toxic substances or microorganisms). WBC produce antibodies which then react with foreign substances
5. Regulation of body temperature |
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Definition
Blood consists of the Cells and fluid (a suspension) within the closed circulatory system that flow in a regular unidirectional movement, propeleld mainly by rhythmic contractions of the heart.
-connective tissue
-whole blood
-plasma
-serum
-fractionation
45% of blood consists of cells or formed elements
55% of blood is plasma
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Composed of:
-cellular: formed elements
-ground substance: serum
-fiber component: plasma proteins found in solution |
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| -serum + plasma proteins; plasma (with time) will eventually coagulate. light yellow in color. |
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| -similar to plasma but lacks proteins; will not coagulate |
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| cellular components of whole blood are separated |
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| Cellular composition of blood |
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Definition
-RBCs (erythrocytes)
-WBCs (leukocytes)
-Platelets or thrombocytes- cell fragments |
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4.5 to 5.5 liters in the female
5 to 6 liters in the male (1.5 gallon)
-normovolemic, hypovolemic, hypervolemic |
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-fluid's resistance to flow
-pure water = 1
-blood = 3.5 to 5.5
-blood is thicker than water
-cellular elements and dissolved proteins
- |
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| the ratio between the fluid weight and pure water |
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-whole blood collected from a superficial vein
-common technique
-easy to locate
-walls are thinner than arteries
-blood pressure in veins is low, so the puncture seals quickly (finger or ear lobe) |
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-drop of blood collected from a peripheral capillary
-used for blood smears |
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-whole blood collected from an artery (radial artery)
-technique is used for checking the efficiency of gas exchange at the lungs |
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-an average of 46 to 63%
-92% of plasma is water, The remaining 8% are soluble molecules in water |
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| -7% of plasma volume, the live synthesizes more than 90% of the plasma proteins, including albumin, fibrinogen and most of the globulins. |
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| 35% of proteins foud in blood. |
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| -important for the transport of fats, vitamins and hormones in the blood. |
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| -example includes peptide hormones within circulation produced by endocrine organs |
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| movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from one solution to another contains a higher solute concentration |
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-respiratory protein
-transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
-Four subunits each with a heme group (iron containing pigment)
-gives it, its red/pinkish color |
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