Term
| the macula densa is sensitive to what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the macula densa located |
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Definition
| Close proximity to the distal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| When the macula densa detects decrease sodium what does it interpreted as? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When the macula densa detects decrease sodium what does it fire onto and cause? |
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Definition
| Afferent arteriole causing vasodilation |
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Term
| What happens after the afferent arterioles dilate and what does it release? |
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Definition
| The juxtaglomerular cells which wrap around the afferent arteriole are stimulated and release renin into the blood |
|
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Term
| what does renin combine with in the blood? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where Is angiotensinogen made? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When angiotensinogen is combined with renin what does it form? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where does angiotensin one go to and what does it form? |
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Definition
| the lung to form angiotensin two through a converting enzyme |
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Term
| What is angiotensin II known as? |
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Definition
| The most powerful vasoconstrictor known to human kind |
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Term
| Angiotensin II will have its greatest effect on the ___ |
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Definition
| Efferent arteriole causing vasoconstriction |
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Term
| Vasoconstriction from angiotensin II on the Efferent arteriole will open/constrict what arteries? |
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Definition
| The artery coming into the glomerulus will open and close the artery leaving the glomerulus to increase pressure mechanically |
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Term
| What will an increase in pressure do in the glomerulus |
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Definition
| It will force fluid out of the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule for filtration |
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Term
| Angiotensin two will go to the zone glomerulosa of the ____ to secrete ____ |
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Definition
| adrenal cortex, aldosterone |
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Term
| The secretion of aldosterone will affect __ and excrete __; saving __ |
|
Definition
distal convoluted tubules
excreting potassium
saving sodium |
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Term
| Saving sodium in the blood causes it to be picks up by the ___ and causing a release of ___ |
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Definition
| osmoreceptors of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus releasing ADH/Vasopressin |
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Term
| ADH release from the hypothalamus will have its greatest effect on the ___ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of ADH on the collecting ducts |
|
Definition
| the collecting ducts are normally impermeable to water, ADH makes them permeable to water |
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Term
| As the water leaks through the collecting ducts what is it picked up by and where does it go? |
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Definition
| The oncotic pressure of the Peritubular capillaries and returns it to the blood |
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Term
| What is the purpose of water in the blood and what does it shut off |
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Definition
| Water dilutes the sodium concentration causing the shuts off ADH in the hypothalamus |
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|
Term
| We made urine in the absence of ___ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The fluid in the collecting docs will leave by way of the ___ and enter the __ |
|
Definition
| papilla, entering the renal pyramids |
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Term
| Where doess fluid after it enters the papilla going to the renal pyramid go to |
|
Definition
| the minor calyx to the major calyx |
|
|
Term
| How does fluid pass through the minor calyx to the major calyx |
|
Definition
| through an opening called the renal sinus |
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|
Term
| Where does the fluid go to after the major calyx |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Fluid will leave the renal pyramid by way of the___and into the ___ |
|
Definition
| ureters through trigone to posterior bladder |
|
|
Term
| The posterior bladder is ___ to the psoas major muscle |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluid will leave the bladder by way of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many parts is the male urethra broken up into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the first part of the male urethra and what does it pass through |
|
Definition
| Prostatic as it passes through the prostate |
|
|
Term
| What is the second part of the male urethra and what does it pass |
|
Definition
| The membranous urethra and it passes the urogenital diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| What is the urogenital diaphragm made up of |
|
Definition
| Levator ani and coccygeus muscle |
|
|
Term
| What is the third part of the male urethra and what does it pass |
|
Definition
| the spongy urethra; it passes through The corpus spongiosum |
|
|
Term
| What is the fourth segment of the male urethra |
|
Definition
| the urethra comes out of the head of the penis known as the penile urethra |
|
|
Term
| What is it if the penile urethra comes out on top (the dorsum) of the penis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the penile urethra comes out on bottom what is it known as? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is responsible for an erection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nervous system is responsible for an erection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nervous system is responsible for ejaculation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the muscle that voids the bladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is absorbed the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What triggers the release of aldosterone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does aldosterone's act upon? |
|
Definition
| The distal convoluted tubule |
|
|
Term
| What are two actions of Aldosterone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What triggers the release of ADH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the action of ADH |
|
Definition
| Allows reabsorption of water by making collecting ducts permeable to water |
|
|
Term
| Distal convoluted tubule absorb sodium under the influence of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best pad for GFR (glomerular filtration rate) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many renal pyramids are located in the kidney |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is located in the renal cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is located in the Renal medulla |
|
Definition
| Loop of Henley and collecting ducts |
|
|
Term
| What is located in the renal columns? |
|
Definition
| invagination of renal cortex between renal pyramids |
|
|
Term
| What is the loop of Henle |
|
Definition
| Countercurrent mechanism prevents excess ion excretion |
|
|
Term
| What are footlike processes in the kidney used for reabsorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A short urethra in females could lead to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The steps of the blood pathway in the kidney |
|
Definition
| Renal, interlobar, arcuate, infra-lobar, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, Efferrant arteriole, Peritubular capillaries |
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