Term
True or False:
AGNs assigned to other blood group systems can elicit immune responses in transfusion or pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
| Lewis BGS Antigens are manufactured by ______ ____ and secreted into body fluids |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Lewis BGS Antigens are found primarily where? |
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Definition
|
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Term
True or False:
Lewis BGS Antigens are absorbed onto red cells from the plasma and are NOT on the red blood cell surfaces |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does the Lewis gene add to the Number 4 Carbon of Type 1 Precursor Structures? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How do you get Le^b antigen? |
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Definition
| If type 1 H structures are also present in the secretions, L-fucose is added |
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Term
True or False:
Le^b is absorbed preferentially over Le^a |
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Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Inheritance of Lewis BGS Antigens depends on 3 genes |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What 3 genes are required to produce the Lewis antigen structure? |
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Definition
Hh
Secretor (Se)
Lewis (Le) |
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|
Term
| What does the Secretor gene do? |
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Definition
| Encodes the H transferase available in the secretions |
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|
Term
| The le, h, and se genes are all what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Do the le, h, and se genes produce detectable products? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the Le gene is inherited, Le^a antigens are found in what and adsorbed onto what?? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If Se gene is inherited in addition to the Le gene, what converts available H soluble structure to a Le^b antigen? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What is the RBC phenotype of the following?
Le sese H
Le sese hh
Le Se hh |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What is the RBC phenotype of the following?
Le Se H |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What is the RBC phenotype of the following?
lele sese H
lele Se H
lele sese hh
lele Se hh |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Lewis Antibodies occur almost exclusively where? |
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Definition
| In the serum of Le(a=b=) individuals |
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|
Term
True or False:
Le(a=b+) does NOT produce Anti-Le^a |
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Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Anti-Le^a or Anti-Le^b can be found in a Le(a=b=) person |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Interpret the following:
Reactions with Anti-Le^a: +
Reactions with Anti-Le^b: 0 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Antibody Class of Lewis Antibodies? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Are Lewis Antibodies Clinically Significant? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| At what temperature are Lewis Antibodies Best at? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Does Lewis Antibodies cause HDN? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What Reaction with Anti-Le^a and Anti-Le^b do babies have? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In which populations are Lewis Antibodies more common in? |
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Definition
| Blacks and Pregnant Women |
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|
Term
True or False:
During pregnancy, Le^a and Le^b antigens are greatly reduced |
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Definition
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|
Term
True or False:
MNSs BGS is inherited as a haplotype |
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Definition
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|
Term
True or False:
U antigen is always present when S or s is inherited |
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Definition
|
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Term
| M & N are what type of Antibody Class? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| At what temperatures can M/N react at? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| At what temperature(s) can S/s react at? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of Antibody Class are S/s? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the U antibody IgG or IgM? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Are the IgM antibodies clinically significant? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of ficin on M/N? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of FICIN on U? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of FICIN on S or s? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is: rarely reported to cause HDFN or HTR; stronger reactions with cells from homozygote?
M, N, S, s, U |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is: weak, cold reactive?
M, N, S, s, U |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following: reacts with all S+ or s+ RBCs & the negative of these are found only in blacks?
M, N, S, s, U |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Are the RH System Antibodies Clinically Significant? |
|
Definition
Yes
They can cause transfusion reactions and HDN |
|
|
Term
| Which antibody is the most antigenic after D? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Antibody-D development dependent on? |
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Definition
Exposure
Dose
Immune Response |
|
|
Term
| Which antibody crosses the placenta? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Many K negative people develop anti-K if given Kell+ blood |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Kell Antigens are inactivated by what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Kell System Antibodies react only with AHG(IgG) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Fy(a=b=) is NOT found in white patients |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Are Duffy system antigens destroyed or enhanced by enzymes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease are Duffy System antigens associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cells do P. vivax organisms NOT invade? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Are Kidd System Antibodies clinically significant? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Antibodies are associated with delayed transfusion reactions & can bind complement? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Antibodies can drop to below detectable levels and cannot be detected in the antibody screen? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If given Kidd positive cells _________ response will rapidly rise the titer and destroy the cells |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hemolysis will Kidd positive cells cause in someone who is Kidd negative? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Antibody class is Kidd System Antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the reactivity phase of Kidd System Antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of antibody is the P antibody? |
|
Definition
| Cold reacting with no clinical significance |
|
|
Term
| How common are Lutheran antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of agglutination does Anti-Lu^a give? |
|
Definition
| Mixed field agglutination |
|
|
Term
| What Antibody Class is Anti-Lu^a? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Antibody Class is Anti-Lu^b |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Anti-Lu^b associated with? |
|
Definition
| Transfusion reactions and mild cases of HDFN |
|
|
Term
| High Titer, Low Avidity Antibodies |
|
Definition
| Found in patients who make antibodies to multiple antigens of low incidence |
|
|
Term
| When should you suspect High titer, low avidity antibodies? |
|
Definition
| When the screen is negative and the crossmatch is positive |
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|
Term
| HTLA Antibodies react through ____ titer but with _____ agglutination throughout testing |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Do High Titer Low Avidity (HTLA) Antibodies cause problems during testing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common HTLA Antibody? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are HTLA Antibodies clinically significant? |
|
Definition
| They may or may not be clinically significant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 99% of the population has the antigen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| <1% of the population has the antigen |
|
|
Term
| Is Lu^b an example of a public or private antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Lu^a an example of a public or private antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Alloantibodies are Usually Clinically Significant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Alloantibodies are Sometimes clinically significant? |
|
Definition
| LE Blood Group System (BGS) |
|
|
Term
| Which Alloantibodies are Clinically Significant if reactive at 37 degrees Celsius? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Alloantibodies are Usually Clinically Insignificant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Cold Autoantibodies are usually not significant but occasionally will react at higher temperature and be significant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Red cell antibodies specific for autologous antigens that typically react at or below room temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Red cell antibodies specific for other human red cell antigens that typically react at or below room temperature |
|
|
Term
True or False:
I is present on ALL adult cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
i is present on ALL newborn cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
i is present on ALL adult cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
I is preset on ALL newborn cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does conversion of i to I occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| I/i BGS Antibodies are usually ____ ____ and are anti-___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antibody is observed with Infectious Mononucleosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Class of Antibody is Anti-I? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the biggest problem with Anti-I? |
|
Definition
Testing Interference;
Will cause a positive auto control |
|
|
Term
| Who is Anti-I usually found in? |
|
Definition
| Patients who have Mycoplasma pneumonia |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Anti-I may be observed in pregnant women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is Anti-I considered "auto?" |
|
Definition
| You build to your own I antigen |
|
|
Term
| If you have cold autoantibodies in IAT what type of reaction will you see in both screening cells 1 and 2 at IS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will your autocontrol be at IS if you have cold autoantibodies in IAT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you do to cold autoantibodies specimen to correctly type? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is A1 a cold autoantibody? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can A1 Antibodies occur in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can H antibody occur in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type individual has the Most H Antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type individual has the Least H Antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Type O patients rarely form Anti-H |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which 2 Types of patients will MOST frequently demonstrate Anti-H? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Since normal cells have some measures of H antigen, the antibody is usually an autoantibody |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Interpret the following:
A1: 1+
A2: 2+
O (panel): 4+
Cord: 3+
Auto: 1+ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Interpret the following:
A1: 2+
A2: 2+
O (panel): 2+
Cord: =
Auto: 2+ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Interpret the following:
A1: 1+
A2: 2+
O (panel): 3+
Cord: =
Auto: +/= |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Interpret the following:
A1: =
A2: =
O (panel): =
Cord: 3+
Auto: = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Interpret the following:
A1: 2+
A2: =
O (panel): =
Cord: =
Auto: = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the IgG Antibodies that are the most clinically significant |
|
Definition
Kell
Duffy
Kidd
S, s
Rh system (D, C, E, c, e) |
|
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