Term
| 3 reasons why forward and reverse do not agree |
|
Definition
Reagents
Wrong Sample
Testing Errors |
|
|
Term
| What all patient information should you consider after technical errors have been ruled out? |
|
Definition
age
drugs
diseases
transfusion history |
|
|
Term
| Mixed Field Agglutination |
|
Definition
| When some cells are in small or tiny clumps but other cells are free |
|
|
Term
| 4 Types of Forward or Cell Typing - Additional Reactions or Antigens Discrepancies |
|
Definition
Polyagglutinable and nonspecific agglutination
Acquired B
Sensitized RBCs
2 Blood Populations |
|
|
Term
| Polyagglutinable and nonspecific agglutination |
|
Definition
| Removal of sialic acid from the cell by bacteria enzymes can expose something called T AGN on the surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacterial enzyme cleaves off the active group of A making it look like B AGN and could react with B antisera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protein in typing reagents can reduce the zeta potential enough to cause false reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
After transfusion of wrong blood
Chimera-mixture of blood between twins |
|
|
Term
| 2 types of Forward Cell Typing - Missing AGNs |
|
Definition
1. Subgroups of A do not always react with A typing sera
2. Altered or weakened AGN expression by certain diseases |
|
|
Term
| What is the main problem with subgroups of A not reacting with A typing sera |
|
Definition
| Subgroup A is called O and given to an O person who then dies |
|
|
Term
| 4 reasons for Reverse typing - additional reactants or ABYs |
|
Definition
Cold Alloantibodies
Rouleaux
Subgroups with Anti A1
Cold Autoantibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| be in patient serum could react with reagent cells if they expressed the Ag - i.e., M, P, Le |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Replace plasma with saline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Most Common Discrepancy in a healthy person? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most frequent cause for Reverse Typing - Missing ABYs |
|
Definition
| Weak or missing ABYs such as in babies, the elderly, or the immunocompromised |
|
|
Term
| Weak reactions can be intensified by testing at _____ which is optimum temp for anti A and B |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you know which reaction is correct? |
|
Definition
Strength of reaction
Most common causes
whole picture of results and patient history/age |
|
|
Term
| 6 things to do if you experience a discrepancy |
|
Definition
-Wash RBCs well
-Test cells with A, B, & Anti-A1
-Test Plasma with A1, A2, B, and O cells as well as with auto and cord cells
-Examine under scope to look for mfa or rouleaux
-Incubate at RT for 30 minutes
-Get clinical information |
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|
