Term
| An elevated solid lesion up to 1 cm in diameter; Example: wart, basal cell carcinoma, angioma, melanoma, seborrheic keratosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| A circumscribed, flat discoloration greater than 1 cm in diameter, often formed by the confluence of macules; Example: Vitiligo, caf |
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Definition
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Term
| A circumscribed, flat discoloration less than 1 cm in diameter; Examples: Freckle, junctional nevus, allergic drug eruption, vitiligo. |
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Definition
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Term
| A circumscribed, elevated, superficial, solid lesion more than 1 cm in diameter, often formed by the confluence of papules; Examples: Eczema, Seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| A firm or indurated raised, solid lesion more than 1 cm in diameter; Example: Basal cell carcinoma, Lymphoma. |
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Definition
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Term
| A firm edematous plaque resulting from infiltration of the dermis with fluid and are transient and may last only a few hours; Example: hives, angioedema, dermographism. |
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Definition
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Term
| A circumscribed collection of leukocytes and fluid that varies in size; Examples: varicella, folliculitis, acne, psoriasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| A circumscribed collection of fluid up to 1 cm in diameter; Example: acute eczema, herpes simplex. |
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Definition
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Term
| Excess dead epidermal cells produced by abnormal keratinization; Example: Psoriasis (silvery), tinea versicolor, pityriasis rosea (collarette), scarlet fever (sheets). |
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Definition
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Term
| A collection of dried serum and cellular debris, a scab. |
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Definition
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Term
| A focal loss of epidermis; erosions do not penetrate below the dermoepidermal junction and therefore heal without scarring, Example: Pemphigus, neurotic excoriations. |
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Definition
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Term
| A focal loss of epidermis and dermis; heal with scarring, Example: Decubitus, Neoplasms, Stasis ulcers. |
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Definition
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Term
| A linear loss of epidermis and dermis with sharply defined, nearly vertical walls, Example: eczema, intertrigo, perleche. |
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Definition
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Term
| A depression in the skin resulting from thinning of the epidermis or dermis, Example: Aging, Topical and intralesional steroids, radiodermatitis, striae. |
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Definition
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Term
| An abnormal formation of connective tissue implying dermal damage; after injury or surgery scars are initially thick and pink but with time become white and atrophic,Keloid, Herpes zoster. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a nummular lesion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a serpingious lesion? |
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Definition
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Term
| An erosion caused by scrathing that is usually linear. |
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Definition
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Term
| A plug of sebaceous and keratinous material lodged in the opening of a hair follicle; the follicular orifice may be dilated (blackhead) or narrowed (whitehead or closed comedone) |
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Definition
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Term
| A small, superficial keratin cyst with no visible opening. |
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Definition
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Term
| A circumscribed lesion with a wall and lumen; the lumen may contain fluid or solid matter, Example: Acne cyst, epidermal cyst. |
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Definition
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Term
| A narrow, elevated, tortuous channel produced by a parasite, Example: Scabies. |
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Definition
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Term
| An area of thickened epidermis induced by scratching or rubbing; the skin lines are accentuated. |
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Definition
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Term
| Dilated superficial blood vessels, Example: Rosacea, basal cell carcinoma. |
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Definition
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Term
| A flat circumscribed deposit of blood less than 0.5 cm in diameter, Example: Bacteremia, medication related. |
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Definition
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Term
| in diameter, Example: Steroid induced, Disseminated intravascular coagulation, anticoagulant therapy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Arrange these in order - Stratum Corneum |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis? And which one leads to a scaly lesion? |
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Definition
| Hyper is extra stratum corneum, para is extra corneum with nuclei intact leading to a scaly lesion |
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Term
| Hyperplasia of the stratum granulosum, often due to intense rubbing. |
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Definition
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Term
| Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia. |
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Definition
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Term
| Loss of intercellular connections resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Intercellular edema of the epidermis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Intracellular edema of keratinocytes, often seen in viral infections. |
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Definition
| Hydropic swelling (ballooning) |
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Term
| Infiltration of the epidermis by inflammatory or circulating blood cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Formation of vacuoles within or adjacent to cells; often refers to basal cell-basement membrane zone area. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ _________ are best approached by attempting to identify tissue reaction patterns; ___________ are approached by attempting to identify the cell of origin. |
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Definition
| Inflammatory disease, tumors |
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Term
| Name this tissue reaction pattern - Also known as interface dermatitis, Characterized by epidermal basal cell damage which is manifested by cell death or basal vacuolar change, Prototype disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Name this tissue reaction pattern - Epidermal hyperplasia in which there is elongation of the rete ridges, usually in a regular manner, erythematous plaques with silvery scale. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name this tissue reaction pattern - This is characterized by intraepidermal intercellular edema, may vary from a microscopic focus to grossly visible vesicles, Prototype disease is allergic contact dermatitis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name this tissue reaction pattern - Also known as blistering dermatoses, Characterized by the formation of vesicles or bullae at any level within the epidermis or at the dermo-epidermal junction, prototype is bullous pemphigoid. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name this tissue reaction pattern - Characterized by the presence of localized collections of enlarged macrophages/ histiocytes admixed with other inflammatory cells, These may be seen with infections, foreign body reactions, and idiopathic disorders such as sarcoidosis. |
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Definition
| Granulomatous, presnts as reddish brown plaques |
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Term
| Name this tissue reaction pattern - Characterized by pathologic changes involving the blood vessels, Prototype disease is Hypersensitivity vasculitis, A multitude of etiologies may exist and include drugs, infections and idiopathic causes. |
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Definition
| Vasculitis, presents as palpable purpura |
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Term
| Name this benign skin tumor - scaly red papules in sun-exposed sites, parakera, Dysplasia of keratinocytes usually limited to the lower 2/3 of the epidermis, Considered by some to be a |
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Definition
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Term
| Name this benign skin tumor - Thickened, dark, benign, warty like lesions which represent epidermal hyperplasia and keratin cysts, Patients often have a multitude of lesions with stuck on appearance, Often may clinically look like an abnormal melanocytic lesion and can be confused with melanoma. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name this skin tumor - large pearly papules with rolled borders, central erosion, numerous telan, Malignant proliferation of cells located in the basal layer of the epidermis, Often occurs on sun-damaged skin and chronic, cumulative sun exposure is major factor in etiology, Locally destructive but rarely does it metastasize. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name this benign skin tumor - Clinically, these are |
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Definition
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Term
| Name this skin tumor - discrete, thickened, hyperkera papule, Malignant proliferation of cells originating from the spinous layer of the epidermis, More aggressive than BCC but still a low incidence of metastasis except in nerve invasion, Etiology also lies in chronic sun exposure but also environmental elements such as arsenic and abnormalities of the immune system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name this skin tumor - Malignant proliferation of melanocytes, Genetics, sunburns, Skin phenotype, Presence of numerous atypical nevi, Immune system abnormalities; Horizontal growth phase, Vertical growth phase, Prognosis of MM is best correlated with thickness, Asymmetric proliferation of melanocytes, many of which are single cells (not nested) and exhibiting upward growth into the epidermis (Pagetoid spread) |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: Jaundice, Gynecomastia, Dilated abdominal wall veins (Kaput Medusa), Spider angiomas, Lichen planus, Hemochromatosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: Pruritus, Calciphylaxis, Uremic frost. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: Cyanosis, Clubbing, Sarcoidosis, lupus pernio, Lofgren |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: lupus vulgaris (cutaneous dissemination of TB), erythema induratum (cutaneous reaction to TB). |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: Endocarditis (Janeway lesions (non-tender), Osler nodes (tender), splinter hemorrhages), Xanthomas, Xanthelasma, Cholesterol emboli. |
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Definition
| Cardio/peripheral vascular disease |
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: Moon facies, Buffalo hump, Striae, Acanthosis nigricans, Hirsutism, Acne. |
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Definition
| Endocrine adrenal/pituitary |
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: Acanthosis nigricans, Diabetic ulcer, Diabetic dermopathy, Insulin lipodystrophy, Necrobiosis lipoidica, Granuloma annulare. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: goiter, brittle/ thin hair, generalized myxedema. |
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Definition
| Hypothyroid; alopecia areata and vitiligo are associated with thyroid disease in general |
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: Malar Rash, Periungual lesions, Annular plaques, Discoid lesions, Panniculitis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: Heliotrope, Gottron |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: Arthritis, Vasculitis, Rheumatoid nodules, Pyoderma gangrenosum. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: Cutaneous metastases of solid organ neoplasms, Paget |
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Definition
| Neoplasm or paraneoplastic disorder |
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: Oral hairy leukoplakia (Epstein-Barr Virus), Kaposi sarcoma (Human Herpesvirus-8), Thrush (Candida), Seborrheic dermatitis, Scabies, Herpes simplex virus, Molluscum contagiosum (Poxvirus), Zidovudine toxicity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the disease associated with the following dermatological manifestations: Acrodermatitis enteropathica (zinc deficiency), Scurvy (ascorbic acid deficiency). |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the skin cancer with these features - Solar keratosis, Common cutaneous growth, 60% of predisposed individuals older than 40 years have at least one, Seen in sun-exposed areas, Fair-skinned adults, Potential to develop into squamous cell carcinoma. |
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Definition
| AK, cutaneous analogue to cervical intraepithelial cancer |
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Term
| The following clinical features are for what skin cancer - Rough, pink or tan scaly papules, Typically 3-10 mm, Background of chronic sun exposure, can be hyperkeratotic. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following are treatment options for AK - Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen, Frequent method of treatment, Curettage, Chemical peels, Dermabrasion, 5-fluorouracil, Imiquimod, Photodynamic therapy. |
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Definition
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Term
| What skin cancer is this - Most common malignancy in the US, Commonly arises in areas of chronic sun exposure of adults, Typically occurs in lighter skin types, Can be locally destructive, Rare reports of metastasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: basal cell carcinoma can infiltrate the eyelids. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following are treatments for BCC - Surgical modalities (curettage and electrodessication, standard excision, Mohs micrographic surgery), Radiation therapy, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, topical: 5-FU, Imiquimod, laser surgery. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which skin cancer has these risk factors - Malignant skin tumor of keratinizing cells of the epidermis or its appendages, Second most common cutaneous malignancy, Annual US incidence ~ 250,000, M>F, Metastatic potential. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements of squamous cell carcinoma are true - it has increased p53 defects or 10-50% of SCC |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following are used for SCC for treatment - Surgical (Excision with standard margins, Mohs micrographic surgery, Laser surgery, Radiotherapy), Superficial ablative techniques (Cryotherapy, Curettage and electrodessication), Photo/Chemotherapy (Photodynamic therapy, Topical 5-fluorouracil). |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the high risk factors in a SCC tumor? |
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Definition
| Size > 2 cm, Recurrent, Location(ears, scalp, temple, lip), Histologic features (perineural invasion, poorly differentiated, increased depth of invasion). |
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Term
|
Definition
| pigment in brown-black hair |
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Term
|
Definition
| pigment in red-blond hair |
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Term
| Hair follicle terms Infundibulum: |
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Definition
| area from sebaceous duct to follicular orifice |
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Term
|
Definition
| area from insertion of the arrector pili to sebaceous duct |
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Term
|
Definition
| area from base of follicle to insertion of arrector pili muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
| keratin fibers in sulfur-rich matrix; strength due to disulfide bonding |
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Term
|
Definition
| provides support for inner root sheath and hair shaft |
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Term
|
Definition
| packages and guides the hair shaft |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| rapidly proliferating keratinocytes that produces the hair shaft and inner root sheath |
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Term
|
Definition
| induces and maintains growth of the hair follicle |
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Term
|
Definition
| growth phase, 85-90% of scalp hairs at any one time; duration |
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Term
|
Definition
| degenerative phase, < 1% of scalp hairs at any one time; duration 2-3 weeks |
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Term
|
Definition
| resting phase, 10-15% of scalp hairs at any one time; duration |
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Term
|
Definition
| active hair shaft shedding |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal loss of telogen (resting hairs) due to physical or mental stressors; hairs shift precipitously from anagen to telogen, and |
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Term
|
Definition
| loss of hairs in the anagen state (always abnormal); happens with radiation and chemotherapy |
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Term
|
Definition
| hair loss because follicular damage in anagen and rapid transformation to telogen |
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Term
|
Definition
| subtype of alopecia areata with total absence of terminal scalp hair |
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Term
| Alopecia areata universalis |
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Definition
| subtype of alopecia areata with total loss of terminal scalp and body hair |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| loss of hair caused by prolonged traction of the scalp by physical pressure, such as tight braids, pony tails and rollers |
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Term
|
Definition
| fungal infection of the scalp, associated with scale and hair loss |
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Term
|
Definition
| short brittle hair with elliptical nodes in hair shaft |
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Term
|
Definition
| short brittle hair with twists in the hair shaft |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| most common defect of hair shaft; due to mechanical or chemical damage to the cuticle which causes fraying of exposed hair shaft; distal trichorrhexis nodosa is caused by excessive brushing and is commonly referred to as |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hair growth in women in areas of the body where hair growth is under androgen control and in which normally only post-pubescent males have terminal hair growth: i.e. moustache, beard, chest, escutcheon, inner thigh; vellus to terminal hair conversion |
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Term
|
Definition
| hair density of length beyond accepted limits, can be generalized (worry) or localized (don |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| visible portion of the nail matrix |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provides nail plate adhesion |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transverse depressions (i.e.: singly, trauma; multiple lines seen in illness) |
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Term
|
Definition
| nail plate detached from nail bed (i.e. fungal infection) |
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Term
|
Definition
| longitudinal ridging and thinning (i.e. aging) |
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Term
|
Definition
| proximal detachment of the nail (i.e. drugs, trauma) |
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Term
|
Definition
| horizontal splitting of nails (i.e. dryness) |
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Term
|
Definition
| sandpapered, rough nails (i.e. lichen planus) |
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Term
|
Definition
| punctate depressions of nail plate surface (i.e. psoriasis) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| pseudomonas causes a greenish discoloration, due to bacterial product, pyocyanin |
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Term
|
Definition
| autosomal dominant malformation with broad and short thumbnail |
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Term
|
Definition
| white horizontal bands due to matrix injury (i.e. arsenic poisoning) |
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Term
|
Definition
| white appearance due to changes in nail bed, disappears with pressure, example is |
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Term
|
Definition
| increased nail curvature, greater than 180-degree angle between proximal nail fold and nail plate, associated with intrathoracic disorders |
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Term
|
Definition
| spoon-shaped nails, associated with anemia |
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Term
|
Definition
| thickened yellow-green nails, associated with lymphedema and respiratory tract disorders |
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Term
|
Definition
| multiple pigmented bands i.e. drugs (chemotherapy), diseases (AIDS) and single bands, (i.e. nevus, melanoma) |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the nail fold; may be associated with infection (yeast, bacteria) or drugs (isotretinoin, indinavir) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F: Arthropods can cause skin and systemic diseases in different ways: (a) by causing direct, nonallergic, local tissue damage through stings, bites, and tissue invasion (b) by causing allergic reactions to their secretions, skins, or scales; (c) by producing systemic toxicity, and (d) by transmitting diseases. |
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Definition
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Term
| Two arthropod classes of medical importance are the __________(spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites) and the _________ (lice, fleas, bedbugs, flies, bees, and ants). |
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Definition
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Term
| A common hypersensitivity response to arthropod bites, stings, and products is _______ __________ most often caused by fleas or bedbugs, but virtually any arthropod is capable of inducing such a reaction. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In the US, infestation is a major problem, especially in urban areas, Can be seen in all socioeconomic groups, more common in children, Pruritus on the scalp is the most common symptom of infestation, Linear excoriations at the periphery of the hair area. |
|
Definition
| Pediculosis humanus capitis(head lice) |
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Term
| in the US mainly affects the homeless, transmitted by contaminated clothing or bedding, Pruritus and excoriations on trunk and neck, |
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Definition
| Nits are found in seams of clothing, not on human hairs, Body lice are vectors for trench fever (typhus fever) Pediculosis corporis (body lice) |
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Term
| Spread as a sexually transmitted disease (STD), Pubic louse serves as a marker for other STDs. |
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Definition
| Pediculosis pubis (pubic lice, crabs) |
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Term
|
Definition
| The identification of adult lice or nits is diagnostic. Empty shells are not diagnostic of active infection. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Allergic hypersensitivity reaction to arthropod bites. The most commonly implicated are the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), the dog flea (C canis), the human flea (Pulex irritans), and the bedbug (Cimex lectularius). |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Clinical manifestations of Papular Urticaria |
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Definition
| Pruritic, urticarial papules (3- to 10-mm diameter), sometimes with a vesicle, present on exposed areas. The papules may last from weeks to months and, in some cases, years. Severe pruritus frequently leads to excoriations, which may become secondarily infected. |
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|
Term
| Cimex lectularius, reddish brown blood-sucking insects 5-7 mm in size, Live between wooden floors, in furniture, in bed frames, in mattresses, inject anticoagulant- and anesthetic-containing saliva and normally feed at night, Bites are often noted in linear groups of 3, sometimes called |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Do not usually require any treatment |
|
|
Term
| Clinical presentation of scabies. |
|
Definition
| recent onset of intense itching, especially at night, history of pruritus in family members, sexual partners, close contacts, The distribution of lesions is highly characteristic in typical scabies in adults, The burrow is usually 2-5 millimeters long, slightly elevated, and pinkish-white, Common locations include the webbed spaces of the fingers, flexor surfaces of the wrists, elbows, axillae, belt line, feet, and scrotum in men and areolae in women. |
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|
Term
| Examination of skin scrapings under light microscopy, identifying mite, eggs, or fecal pellets |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All family members and close contacts of those diagnosed with scabies must receive treatment. Instruct patients to wash bed linens, clothing, and towels in warm water. Permethrin (Elimite |
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|
Term
| Tens of thousands of species exist worldwide, 0.1 to 2 mm in length. Clinical manifestations include Papular Urticaria, Chigger bites often affect lower legs, edges of underwear and genital region. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What bug gives borrelia burgdorferi and Signs of Lyme disease: erythema migrans: erythematous, annular patch that expands centrifugally from the site of the tick bite, leaving a central clearing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small (0.2 to 2.5 cm) brown spider with a |
|
Definition
| Brown recluse ( Loxosceles reclusa) |
|
|
Term
| Large shiny black spider with a red hourglass on the ventral abdomen, The venom contains a neurotoxin (alpha-latrotoxin), causes systemic symptoms after 1-8 hours, crampy abdominal and chest pain. Death results in 1% cases, treatment: antivenom for severe cases, calcium gluconate (10%), muscle relaxants. |
|
Definition
| Black widow (Latrodectus mactans) |
|
|
Term
| Where does the melanocyte come from? |
|
Definition
| Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest during embryogenesis. The soluble protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Defect in endothelin3 or endothelin receptor B. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Depigmented patches of skin and hair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do melanocytes live? |
|
Definition
| basal layer of the epidermis, about 1 per 10 basal keratinocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each melanocyte contacts 30-40 keratinocytes (epidermal-melanin unit), Each melanocyte delivers packets (melanosomes) of pigment (melanin) to neighboring keratinocytes, Intracellular trafficking of melanosomes requires proteins such as AP3, myosin Va, RAB27a. |
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|
Term
| Defects in melanosome trafficking can lead to which two human diseases? |
|
Definition
| Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, Autosomal recessive, Defect in AP3 gene, required for intracellular trafficking of melanosomes. Decreased pigment, visual impairment, platelet dysfunction. Griscelli syndrome, Autosomal recessive, Defect in Myosin Va, melanophilin, or RAB27A, Light skin and silver-colored light hair, May have immunologic or neurologic deficits |
|
|
Term
| How do melanocytes make melanin? |
|
Definition
| Melanocytes produce tyrosinase to melanin, Tyrosinase is stabilized by tyrosine related protein-1 (TRP1) and P protein |
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|
Term
| How is tyrosinase activity regulated? |
|
Definition
| Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) from the anterior pituitary gland generates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), ?-endorphin, and melanocyte stimulating hormone MSH binds melanocortin receptor (MC1-R) on melanocytes and induces tyrosinase activity. |
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Term
| Oculocutaneous albinism is due to defcts in what? |
|
Definition
| Tyrosinase; Autosomal recessive, Defective tyrosinase, tyrosine related protein-1, or P protein, Normal number of melanocytes, Absent melanin, Nystagmus |
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|
Term
| Which of the following are benign Pigmented Lesions - Ephelides, Lentigines, Caf |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Commonly known as freckles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| may occur at birth or develop from chronic sun exposure, Hyperpigmented macules and patches on skin or mucosa. |
|
Definition
| Lentigo (Lentigines); Multiple lentigines can be a marker for human disease like Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, Autosomal dominant, Multiple mucocutaneous lentigines |
|
|
Term
| Smooth bordered, light to dark brown patch., Normal melanocyte density, increased melanin, No malignant potential |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| May be flat or raised, Evenly pigmented (flesh colored to dark brown) with even borders, Histologically, melanocytes are arranged in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Often larger than melanocytic nevi, Often have associated hair growth, Large (>20cm) are associated with an increased risk of melanoma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Up to 80% of melanomas have been shown to have an activating mutation in the signal transduction protein _______ and _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Irregularly pigmented macule or patch (often fulfills ABCD |
|
Definition
| Melanoma in situ (Lentigo Maligna) |
|
|
Term
| 15% of melanomas, Elderly patients, Sun damaged skin, Identical to lentigo maligna, but possesses a vertical growth phase. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common type of melanoma (70%), Most frequently found on the back in men, on the legs in women, May arise from a nevus, Fulfills ABCD |
|
Definition
| Superficial Spreading Melanoma |
|
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Term
| Second most common type of melanoma (15-30%), Rapidly developing nodule, Can be ulcerated and bleed, Mostly in the vertical growth phase, Can rarely be amelanotic (nonpigmented). |
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Definition
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Term
| Rarest type of melanoma (5-10%), but most common type of melanoma seen in darkly pigmented patients (up to 70%), Occurs on palms and soles. |
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Definition
| Acral Lentiginous Melanoma |
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Term
| Variant of acral lentiginous melanoma, Can present as a hyperpigmented streak on the nail plate (longitudinal melanonychia), Hutchinson |
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Definition
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Term
| ID the disease: Chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease, 2-3% of US population, males = females, More common in higher latitudes, Age of Onset can occur at any age, most develop initial lesions before age 30, earlier onset predicts more severe disease, greater probability of positive family history. |
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Definition
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Term
| These are the Clinical Presentations of what - erythematous plaque, sharply demarcated, silvery scale, variable size, typically symmetrical, Auspitz sign - pinpoint bleeding upon removal of scale, nail pits, yellowish discoloration beneath nail plate, onychodystrophy, loss of nail plate, subungual pustules. |
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Definition
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Term
| Psoriasis type - most common form, can be localized or generalized, common areas of involvement, knees, elbows, lower back, scalp, Generalized plaque psoriasis, Localized plaque psoriasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Psoriasis type - commonly involves axilla, groin, umbilicus, may not see much scaling, higher risk of secondary infection. |
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Definition
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Term
| Psoriasis type - scattered scaly papules, trunk and proximal extremities, can be associated with streptococcal infection, can be seen as first sign of disease in children or acute exacerbation in adults. |
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Definition
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Term
| Psoriasis type - diffusely red scaly skin, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, temperature dysregulation |
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Definition
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Term
| sudden onset of erythematous macules and papules with sterile pustules, fevers, chills, arthralgias, leukocytosis, often seen after discontinuation of systemic glucocorticoids, Localized pustular psoriasis often affects acral areas. |
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Definition
| Generalized pustular psoriasis |
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Term
| Which of the following are worsening factors for Psoriasis - Medications: beta-blockers, lithium, oral contraceptives, penicillamine, amiodarone, anti-malarials, hydroxychloroquine, interferon,withdrawal of systemic steroids,infection/stress,Physical trauma to skin - Koebner phenomenon. |
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Definition
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Term
| Histopathology for what disease - regular acanthosis of the epidermis, thinning of the supra-papillary epidermis, diminished or absent granular layer, confluent parakeratosis, superficial inflammatory dermal infiltrate, enlarged blood vessels in the dermal papilla, Munro microabscesses (corneal layer), spongiform pustules of Kogoj (spinous layer). |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pathogensis of psoriasis. |
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Definition
| Most common HLA-Cw6, HLA-B27 associated with generalized pustular psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis, Keratinocyte hyperproliferation associated with epidermal differentiation, shortened epidermal cell cycle, Helper T cells (CD4+ T cells) activate other immune cells through secretion of cytokines (Th-1 and Th-17 cells are involved in psoriasis) Activated memory CD45RO+ T cells migrate to the skin and secrete inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-alpha, IL-17, IL-22, IFN-gamma) |
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Term
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Definition
| Folic acid analog that competitively and irreversibly inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase, an enzyme that converts dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and is crucial to purine metabolism resulting in an inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits IL-2 production by activated CD4+ T cells by inhibiting calcineurin, a calcium and calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, by forming a complex with cyclophilin, an intracellular receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| Recombinant human monoclonal antibody specific for TNF-alpha |
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Term
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Definition
| 100% human TNF receptor II made from fusion of two TNF-RII molecules linked together by human IgG1 Fc domain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fusion protein composed of an LFA-3 protein and human IgG1 Fc domain. Alefacept blocks interaction between CD2 on T cells and LFA-3 Ustekinumab blocks IL-12-induced Th-1 responses and IL-23-induced Th-17 Responses. |
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Term
| Chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritic eczematous skin lesion, Dennie Morgan lines-infraorbital folds, hyperlinear palms, Epidermis: hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis and minimal spongiosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Paramyxovirus; respiratory droplets; Prodrome |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| RNA Togavirus; Prodrome: 1-4 days; fever, chills, malaise, sore throat, cough rhinitis; tender lymphadenopathy of head and neck, Enanthem: Forschheimer |
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Definition
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Term
| Parvovirus B19, usually affects school-age children 5-14 years old, Exanthem: |
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Definition
| Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth disease) |
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Term
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Definition
| Roseola Infantum (Exanthem subitum) |
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Term
| Coxsackie A16 most common, Prodrome of Fever for 1-2 days, Enanthem: Small vesicles on tongue, buccal mucosae and gingivae; often painful, Exanthem: oval vesicles on hands, feet, buttocks, Resolves in 3-7 days |
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Definition
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Term
| HPV, Common warts, Flat warts (verruca plana): 1-2 mm flat-topped flesh-colored to pink papules commonly on the face, Plantar warts, Management: Observation/Reassurance, cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen. |
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Definition
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Term
| Infection with molluscum virus, a DNA pox virus, Clinical presentation: dome-shaped pink-flesh-colored papules with central umbilication, Management: Observation/Reassurance, cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen. |
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Definition
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