Term
| Dermatophytes - Def and Org |
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Definition
Dermatophytes are cutaneous mycoses
1. Microsporum
2. Trichophyton
3. Epidermophyton
Use keratin as a nutritional substrate
Express keratinases |
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Term
| Case: A gardner comes in with ulcer that is "travelling up the arm." He says he was pricked with by a thorn. |
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Definition
Subcutaneous mycoses
Sporothrix schenckii - a dimorphic fungus
Cause.. sporotrichosis
Tx: itraconazole |
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Term
| Case: I was working on rotting wood and got a splinter. Initially, a small, violet wartlike lesion developed. Over months to years, additional violet-colored wartlike lesions arose nearby. Ksin srapings with KOH reveal copper-colored sclerotic bodies. |
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Definition
Subcutaneous mycoses
Phialophora and Cladosporium
Cause... chromoblastomycosis |
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Term
| Three fungi that cause systemic diseasse |
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Definition
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis
All dimorphic. |
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Term
| Case: You enter a room who is diagnosed with coccidiomycoses. Should you wear a mask? |
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Definition
| No. Unlike Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the fungal infections are inhaled as a spore form and are never transmitted from person to person. Rather, the spores are aerosolized from soil, bird droppings, or vegetation. |
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Term
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Definition
Culprit: Coccidioides immitis
Mild respiratory infection: 1-4 weeks after inhalation in 40% of exposed; "San Joaquin Valley Fever"; 5-10% will have pulmonary residua (cavity, solitary nodule, bronchiectasis)
Erythema nodosum or erythema marginatum with associated non-infectious arthritis |
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Term
| Candida infection that mimics dermatophyte infection |
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Definition
1. Candidal intertrigo (Diper rash) - confluent red macules withi satellite lesions; similar to tinea cruris
2. Angular cheilitis (perleche)
3. Paronychia (nail bed - dish washers)
4. Onychomycosis |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs in most severely compromised hosts
- Candidemia: vascular catheters; translocation across intact or inflamed bowel mucosa
- Organ involvement: hepatospenic candidiasis; endophthalmitis, endocarditis, any organ; peritonitis from peritoneal dialysis
- Pneumonia rare
- Increasingly non-albicans species |
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Term
| Diseases caused by Aspergillus flavus |
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Definition
1. Allergic Broncho-Pulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)
2. Aspergilloma
3. Invasive aspergillosis |
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Term
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Definition
Toxoplasma gondii
Transmission routes
1. Ingestion of pseudocyst in raw meat
2. Ingestion of oocyst in cat feces
Inc risk in immunosuppressed and pregnant women
-> hydrocephalus chorioretinitis, intracranial calcification |
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Term
| Tx for Enterobius vermicularis |
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Definition
| Mebendazole/prantel pamoate |
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Term
| Tx for Ascaris lumbricoides |
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Definition
| Mebendazole/pyrantel pamoate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Tx for Taenia solium and cysticercosis |
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Definition
Praziquantel for intestinal worms and cysticercosis
Albendazole for neurocysticercosis |
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