Term
| Name the three granulocytes and what they do? |
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Definition
-Neutrophils; phagocytose microorganisms
-Eosinophils; destroy larger parasites and modulate allergic reactions
-Basophils; release histamine and serotonin in specific immune reactions |
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Term
Lymphocytes?
Killer cells?
Monocytes?
Megakaryocytes? |
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Definition
-Lymphocytes; mediate immune response
-Killer cells; kill infected and tumor cells
-Monocytes; become macrophages in tissues
-Megakaryocytes; make platelets |
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Term
| Cytokines? What does it mean to say cytokines are redundant? and promiscuous? |
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Definition
-Small secreted proteins that mediate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis
-Means that diff cytokines can have the same effect on the same target cell
-Means the same cytokine can act on multiple types and at multiple levels |
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Term
| What type are the cytokine receptor family? How does it work? |
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Definition
-JAK/STAT
-Signal binds, two receptors aggregate, JAK binds and Ps itself, STAT binds, gets Pd, dimerizes, and goes to nucleus |
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Term
| What two proteins can interfere with cytokine signaling? |
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Definition
-SOCS and PIAS
-Silencer of cytokine signaling; bind JAK or receptor
-Protein inhibitors of activated STAT; bind to STAT |
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Term
| What directs production of erythrocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Short and long term effects of hematopoiesis problems? |
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Definition
-Short term; anemia, can treat with EPO
-Long term; Erythroleukemia (more erythroblasts) |
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Term
| Erythroleukemia causes and treatment? |
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Definition
-lack of EPO or EPO receptor, lack of other cytokine early in hematopoiesis, mutation
-Treat by trying to encourage differentiation; use EPO, GM-CSF, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
-Results in myeloid leukemia if there is too much; get too many myeloblasts (immature white cells)
-Also can result in reduced population; Neutropenia, or agranulocytosis - treat with cytokines |
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Term
| Abnormal lymphopoiesis? Treatment? |
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Definition
-Get immunodeficiency
-Called SCIDS if it is both B and T lymphocytes
-Treat with IL-2, 7, & 12 |
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