Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Block 2
Anatomy and Physiology
214
Medical
Professional
06/02/2010

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
-ectomy
Definition
to cut out
Term
-endo
Definition
within
Term
inter-
Definition
between
Term
intra-
Definition
within
Term
hema
Definition
blood
Term
hypoxemia
Definition
lack of O2 in the blood
Term
hypoxia
Definition
general lack of O2
Term
Mast / Mammary
Definition
breast
Term
prn
Definition
as needed or "pro re nata"
Term
gluteus
Definition
butt
Term
otitis media
Definition
inner ear infection
Term
a
Definition
before
Term
p
Definition
after
Term
c
Definition
with
Term
s
Definition
without
Term
anatomical position
Definition
standing, facing forward, feet spread to shoulder with and palms forward
Term
sagittal plane
Definition
cuts body into lateral positions at midline
Term
carina
Definition
trachea bifercates at the __________
Term
tongue
Definition
too large of an OPA can obstruct the ______
Term
tongue depressor
Definition
To insert an OPA in kids always use a _______
Term
glottic opening
Definition
The narrowest part of the airway in an adult is the _____
Term
Cricoid cartilage
Definition
The narrowest part of the airway in a kid is the ______
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
The ability of the body to keep relatively stable function despite constant change
Term
positive and negative feedback mechanisms
Definition
What systems regulate homeostasis?
Term
sweating or shivering
Definition
An example of when the body responds to a negative stimulus is....
Term
clotting or child birth
Definition
An example of how the body keeps a sequence of events going or a positive mechanism is?
Term
Vocal cords
Definition
What vibrates to make sound?
Term
Compliance
Definition
The measurement of resistance in the BVM
Term
Sellick
Definition
What maneuver prevents passive vomit and helps to visualize the vocal cords?
Term
7.0 to 7.5
Definition
What is a good size ET tube for everyone?
Term
Basilar skull fracture
Definition
What is a contraindication for NPA or nasal tracheal tube?
Term
breathing
Definition
What must a patient be doing to be able to use a Nasal ET tube?
Term
Surgical airway
Definition
If you have an obstruction in the airway you have an indication for a ?
Term
LMA
Definition
Out of all the blind intubation techniques we learned which airway device does NOT allow us to suction?
Term
Everyone
Definition
Who are we allowed to intubate under National Registry Scope??
Term
Capnography
Definition
The picture of CO2 output is given by ?
Term
Capnometry
Definition
The number for end tidal CO2 (35-45) is the measurement of?
Term
sniffing position
Definition
what position do we place all of our patients before intubation?
Term
Miller or straight blade
Definition
Used to lift the epiglottis directly
Term
Macintosh or Curved blade
Definition
Used to lift the epiglottis indirectly via the vallecula?
Term
Chemoreceptors
Definition
Located in the carotid bodies and the aortic arch?
Term
pH and CO2
Definition
Chemoreceptors are measuring......
Term
500ml
Definition
What number are we looking for with Tidal Volume?
Term
150ml
Definition
What number are we looking for with Dead Space?
Term
350ml
Definition
What number are we looking for with alveolar volume?
Term
continual gas exchange
Definition
Why is residual volume important?
Term
tongue
Definition
Most often is the cause of an airway obstruction?
Term
pulse Ox
Definition
What measures the saturation of O2 bound with hemoglobin
Term
pulse ox
Definition
Out of all of our ET detector devices which one sucks the most?
Term
mechanical
Definition
Ventilation is what kind of breathing?
Term
gas exchange at cellular level
Definition
What is respiration?
Term
given O2
Definition
What is oxygenation?
Term
French
Definition
What kind of catheter is used for deep ET suctioning?
Term
nasotracheal intubation
Definition
When do we not use a stylet to intubate?
Term
O2 with BVM
Definition
What do we use before we go to an advanced airway?
Term
8 years old
Definition
What age is cutt off for un-cuffed ET tubes and Pediatric patients?
Term
retrograde intubation
Definition
What is called when you cut open the cricothyroid membrane, insert a wire into the pts neck, and then feed the ET tube back down into the trachea?
Term
5-7 cc/KG
Definition
What is normal Tidal Volume for Kids?
Term

dislodgement

obstruction

pneumothorax

equipment

Definition
What does DOPE stand for (no not Tamayo)
Term
Spinal Cavity
Definition
Goes from the neck to the lower back on the dorsal aspect of the body?
Term
medial
Definition
Towards the midline
Term
proximal
Definition
Near the point of reference
Term
distal
Definition
away from the point of reference
Term
proton
Definition
Has a positive charge?
Term
electron
Definition
Has a negative charge?
Term
Neutron
Definition
Has no charge
Term
Covalent
Definition
A bond made by sharing electrons
Term
ionic
Definition
A bond made by giving up electrons
Term
blood
Definition
The regulation of nutrients/waste/pH/Temp/clotting and infection are done by
Term
isotonic
Definition
Our IV fluid is ????
Term
hypertonic
Definition
Having a greater [] of dissolved materials than solution?
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
Having a lower [] of dissolved material than solution?
Term
.9%
Definition
Isotonic  NACL is what %
Term
Nucleus
Definition
What regulates our genetics?
Term
120 days
Definition
How long do RBC's live?
Term
spleen
Definition
Where do RBC's go to ie?
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
The site for protein synthesis
Term
Mitosis
Definition
The process of cell division where chromosomes divide into identical cells
Term

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

ending with Cytokinesis

 

Definition
What are the phases of Mitosis?
Term
Meiosis
Definition
The process of cell division where chromosomes divide twice to form 4 cells each with haploid #
Term
Calcium solid salts
Definition
What makes up our bones?
Term
Parietal pleura
Definition
What lines our thoracic cavity?
Term
Peristalsis
Definition
The waves of one way muscular contraction in smooth muscle
Term
Goblet cells
Definition
what cells make mucos?
Term
Endocrine
Definition
ductless glands are the....
Term
Thymus
Definition
An example of a endocrine gland
Term
Neurotransmitter
Definition
A chemical released by an axon of a neuron which crosses a synapse and affects electrical activity
Term
CNS
Definition
The brain and spinal cord make up the?
Term
Connective tissue
Definition
blood, cartilage, adipose, fibrous, and elastic are what types of __________ tissue.
Term
Stratum Germinativium
Definition
The skin layer that undergoes mitosis
Term
Melanocyte
Definition
Makes Vitamin D and is responsible for pigmentation
Term
iron
Definition
What dont we have in our skeleton?
Term
ligaments
Definition
Connect bone to bone
Term
tendons
Definition
Connect muscle to bone
Term
Heat
Definition
One of the byproducts that muscles make from burning energy is?
Term
Liver
Definition
What organ generates 20% of our body heat?
Term
Cholinesterase
Definition
What breaks down ACH?
Term
Afferent
Definition
Transmition towards the CNS
Term
Efferent
Definition
Transmission away from the CNS
Term
Glucagon
Definition
What starts glycogenolysis?
Term
Parathyroid
Definition
The gland located around the thyroid?
Term
Epinephrine
Definition
Used to slow peristalsis and dilate bronchioles?
Term
FiO2
Definition
The fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air?
Term
Systole
Definition
When the AV valves are closed the SL valves open. This happens during?
Term
HR X SV
Definition
Cardiac Ouput formula
Term
Chronotrophy
Definition
The measurement of heart rate?
Term
Inotrophy
Definition
The measurement of the contractile force of the heart?
Term
Dromotrophy
Definition
The speed of impulse tranmission in the heart
Term
Afterload
Definition
The pressure the heart must pump against
Term
Spleen
Definition
The largest lymph node is the ??
Term

Just beneath the epithelium

tonsils

peyers patches

Definition
What are the three locations of Lymph nodules?
Term
Residual Volume
Definition
What is the amount of air in the lungs after expiration?
Term
Genetic immunity
Definition
Mrs Davis can't get "ick" from fish because of??
Term
genetic and acquired
Definition
What are the two types of immunity?
Term
Passive Natural
Definition
When antibodies are from another source like breast milk or the placenta
Term
Passive Artificial
Definition
When antibodies are from another source like injection after an exposure
Term
Active Natural
Definition
When we produce our own antibodies like when we recover from a "sickness"
Term
Active Artificial
Definition
When we produce our own antibodies like when a vaccine stimulates production of antibodies
Term
Liver
Definition
What stores glycogen and produces heat?
Term
Alimentary Canal
Definition
Where all of our food goes in and out of
Term
Gallbladder
Definition
An accessory organ used in digestion and stores bile
Term
Veriform appendix
Definition
The formal name of the appendix
Term
Pepsinogen
Definition
what is made by the Chief cells?
Term
HCL
Definition
What is made by the parietal cells?
Term
Gastrin
Definition
What is made by the G cells?
Term
closing of valves
Definition
Sounds of the heart are made by the _____ of valves?
Term
Hematocrit
Definition
The percentage of RBC in our blood....roughly 45%
Term
Plasma
Definition
Most of our blood is _____, roughly 92%
Term
AB+
Definition
The universal blood recipient?
Term
O-
Definition
The universal blood donor?
Term
Catecholamines
Definition
Norepi and Epi are examples of ?
Term
Bronchodialator
Definition
Epinephrine is primarily a ?
Term
vaso constrictors
Definition
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine are both
Term
One
Definition
What nerve is the Olfactory cranial nerve?
Term
so fluid doesn't enter our lungs
Definition
Why is the pulmonary BP so low?
Term
Vocal Ligaments
Definition
The true vocal cords are also called the
Term
BID
Definition
term for 2x daily
Term
TID
Definition
Term for 3x daily
Term
Midsagittal Plane
Definition
The plane that cuts the body in half?
Term
Cholesterol
Definition
THe molecule utilized to synthesize the hormones estrogen and testosterone
Term
Melanocytes
Definition
The cells that secrete specialized proteins when exposed to sunlight
Term
Keratin
Definition
The protein in the epidermal cells that makes the skin relatively water proof?
Term
Eccrine Glands
Definition
Glans of the skin most concerned with maintenance of body temp
Term
Flexion
Definition
Term used to describe bending at a joint
Term
Isometric
Definition
No movement and created by muscle contraction
Term
Stratum Germinativum
Definition
Layer of the epidermis which undergoes mitosis
Term
Vitamin D
Definition
Vitamin necessary for efficient absorption of CA and K in the small intestine.
Term
Temporal bone and hearing
Definition
The bone in which the incus, malleus and stapes reside and the sense which they contribute to:
Term
Protein
Definition
The structure for which one gene is the genetic code for
Term
Perichondrium
Definition
The connective tissue type which surrounds cartilage?
Term
Filtration
Definition
The cellular transport type dependent on BP
Term
Protein Synthesis
Definition
The function of ribosomes
Term
Covalent
Definition
The type of bond where electrons from one or more atoms are shared
Term
Decomposition or Catabolism
Definition
Type of reaction in which one molecule is broken down to form different molecules or parts
Term
ATP
Definition
High energy molecule formed in cellular respiration
Term
Pelvic
Definition
The most inferior cavity
Term
Vasodilation
Definition
The physiological response which flushing is based
Term
Sperm and Egg
Definition
Two specific sell types created by meiosis
Term
External muscle layer
Definition
The layer of alimentary tube which is most responsible for peristalsis
Term
Vagus Nerve
Definition
Cranial nerve that decreases heart rate
Term
Medulla and Pons
Definition
Location of the respiratory centers in the brain?
Term
Tricuspid
Definition
The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Term
Kidneys
Definition
The organ that produces erythropoiten during periods of hypoxia?
Term
ADH
Definition
Hormones that directly stimulate water reabsorption by the kidneys
Term
Cortisol
Definition
Hormone that has anti-inflammatory response
Term
Myelin Sheath
Definition
Insulation which protects the neurons  in the white matter
Term
Hemoglobin
Definition
structure that transports most oxygen in the body
Term
Prostoglandins
Definition
Localized hormones that are synthesized from the phospholipid bilayer?
Term

ACH

NorEpi

GABA

Seratonin

Glutamate

Dopamine

Definition
Neurotransmitters found in the body?
Term
Baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses
Definition
Structures which detect changes in blood pressure and their location?
Term
Myocardium
Definition
Most muscular of the 3 layers of the heart
Term
Cardiac Output
Definition
The term used to describe the amount of blood pumped by heart in one minute.
Term
Active Transport
Definition
The cellular transport mechanism required to absorb amino acids and glucose into the blood stream
Term
Cough Reflex
Definition
Reflex which removes irritants on the mucosa of the larynx
Term
Diaphragm, moves down
Definition
primary respiratory MUSCLE and the direction which it moves?
Term

Epi

NorEpi

Definition
Hormone that slows peristalsis and dilates the bronchial smooth muscle?
Term

Glucagon

Epi

Definition
Two hormones that cause the liver to convert glycogen into glucose.
Term
out of the cell
Definition
Direction which sodium moves during repolarization?
Term
Corpus Collosum
Definition
Structure which connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?
Term
Capillary bodies and lacteals
Definition
Two structures on the submucosa of the GI tract which are responsible for absorption?
Term
Duodenum of the small intestine
Definition
Bicarbonate juices secreted by the pancreas enter into the GI tract at this location
Term
Surfactant
Definition
Tissue fluid that lines the alveoli and maintains ventilatory space
Term
Anabolism
Definition
Term for synthesis reactions?
Term
Hypothalmus, thyroid gland
Definition
Part of the brain which regulates metabolism and the endocrine gland which it controls is the?
Term
basilar metaboloic rate
Definition
The minimum amount of energy needed to keep the body alive at rest?
Term

Internal Urethral Sphincter

&

Detrusor

Definition
The structures which control the involuntary control of micturation
Term
ANP
Definition
Hormone responsible for the secretion of Sodium into the filtrate
Term
Renal Medulla
Definition
Area of the kidney which contains the renal pyramids?
Term
Make Bicarb and secrete hydrogen ions
Definition
The mechanisms that kidney utilize to increase pH when the body becomes acidotic?
Term
neutralize the acidity of the vagina
Definition
Why is the alkalinity of the semen important?
Term
Opsonization
Definition
process of binding antibodies and antigens?
Term
metabolic alkalosis and respiratory compensation
Definition
If you have a pt whose ABG is 7.5 pH and PCO2 of 65 what state is your pt in?
Term
Humoral
Definition
Immune response which utilizes macrophages and B cells?
Term
Respiratory acidosis
Definition
If you have a pt with ABG of 7.1 pH and PCO2 of 80 what state is your pt in?
Term
Renin
Definition
The chemicals secreted by the kidney in times of hypotension?
Term
Occulomotor
Definition
The cranial nerve which controls pupil size?
Term

myosin

actin

troponin

tropomyosin

Definition
What are 4 muscle fibers used for contraction?
Term

Vasospasm

Aggregation

Clotting by fibrin

Definition
What are the 3 strages in the clotting process?
Term
Inner ear infection
Definition
What is Otitis Media
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
The end of a bone?
Term
Epiphyseal plate
Definition
The growth plate of a bone?
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
The shaft of the bone?
Term
Intermedullary Canal
Definition
The canal that has marrow producing RBC's
Term
Periostium
Definition
The outside layer of the bone
Term
Synovial Fluid
Definition
What lubricates the joints?
Term
Perichondrium
Definition
What covers cartilage?
Term
Arachnoid Villi
Definition
Where is CSF reabsorbed?
Term
Collateral circulation
Definition
Within the heart we have _________  allowing the vessels to overlap so there is no empty space.
Term
Krebs Cycle AKA the Pyuric Acid Cycle
Definition
What energy production cycle required oxygen and more energy then glycolysis?
Term
Electron Transport Cycle
Definition
What energy cyle produces the most amount of energy?
Term
Nephron
Definition
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Term
No NEVER
Definition
Can we intubate a pt with epiglottitis?
Term
Dorsal Cavity
Definition
The spinal cavity is located where??
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