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Blacks in the Arts - FINAL - HOWARD UNIVERSITY
African-Americans in Jazz, Bebop and the Harlem Renaissance
43
Fine Art
Undergraduate 1
12/03/2009

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Cards

Term
Bebop
Definition

A jazz style first expressed in the early 1940's based on decreased emphasis on melodies and expanded interest in the harmonics and musical dynamics of a given tune. Relied heavily on improvisational performance and higher levels of virtuosity from its practitioners.

 

Term
Jam Session
Definition
Usually consists of improvised performance which affords the musician the opportunity to benefit from cutting, learning tunes, honing techniques, developing improvisational skills. ( The old jazz university )
Term
Musical Revue
Definition
A musical variety show consisting of songs, dance and topical sketches, and which is loosely organized around a theme.
Term
Fusion
Definition
A music style expressed through the merger of jazz idioms with "pop" music elements, especially electronic.
Term
Mute
Definition
A device used to "color" the sound of brass instruments.
Term
Big Band
Definition
Originally referred to a band of twelve or more. In modern times it refers to a band of nine or more.
Term
Scatting
Definition
Using the human voice improvisationally in the form of a musical instrument.
Term
Booker T. Washington
Definition
This national leader wrote the famous autobiography Up From Slavery and founded the Tuskegee Institute.
Term
W.E.B. DuBois
Definition
Considered the greatest African-American scholar, he was co-founder of the NAACP, editor of Crisis Magazine, and a major art critic and political activist.
Term
James Weldon Johnson
Definition
He wrote the lyrics of the Black national anthem and the early Broadway musicals "Shoofly Regiment," and "Red Moon," the poetry collection God's Trombones and the novel Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. He was also president of the NAACP and an ambassador to Venezuela.
Term

a. Great Migration

b. job opportunities

c. change in racial climate

d. WWI

e. concept of New Negro

Definition
Name three social and cultural changes that precipitated the Harlem Renaissance.
Term
UNIA
Definition
Founded by Marcus Garvey in 1916, this "Back to African" organization was the largest African-American organization in US history
Term

a. Black Star

b. shipping line, factories

c. schools, restaurants, and hotels

d. Negro World

Definition
name four enterprises of the UNIA
Term
Langston Hughes
Definition
Coming of age durin the HR, he is perhaps the most popular and prolific A-A poet and writer. His works The weary blues, jesse b. simple, and "The Negro Speaks of Rivers"
Term
Sterling Brown
Definition
This writer incorporated Black folk language, music, and lore into his poetry and wrote "Strong Men"
Term
He insisted on writing on his own historical experience --> instrinsic
Definition
What is the main idea espoused in Langon Hughes artical "The Negro Artist and Racial Mountain?"
Term
The race riots occuring all over the country
Definition
What event(s) inspired Claude McKay to write "If We Must Die?"
Term

19th Century-->followed European trend--> landscape, still painting, portrait

 

encouraged by Alan Locke--> draw from own African roots -- > Black Figures

Definition
How did visual artists of the Harlem Renaissance-Aaron Douglas, Sargent johnson, Palmer hayden, Archibald Motley, Hale Woodruff, Augusta Savage, William H. Johnson-differ from 19th century A-A artists?
Term

Crisis magazine -- W.E.B. DuBois

Opportunity -- Urban League 

The Menssenger -- Randall Owens

Definition
Name three literary publication venues for Harlem Renaissance artists
Term
Shuffle Along
Definition
This Black Broadway musical produced in 1921 ushered in a new wave of Black musicals during the HR
Term
Paul Robeson
Definition
Who was the all-star athlete, actor, singer, scholar, and political activist of international fame who career was systematically destroyed by the US govt during the McCarthy era?
Term

Locke -> artistic excellence and craftsmanship

DuBois -> felt all art is propoganda

{Father of the School of Protest}

Definition
Briefly discuss the difference in aesthetics of Alan Locke and W.E.B. DuBois
Term
Charleston
Definition
Performed in the Black Broadway musical Runin Wild, it became the dance craze during the 1920's and 30's.
Term
Zora Neale Hurston
Definition
Author and anthropologist who wrote the critically aclaimed novel Their Eyes Were Watching God
Term
Josephine Baker
Definition
Singer and dancer who left America in the 1920's to live in Paris where she became an int'l sensation and the highest paid performer in France?
Term
Charles Albert Tinley
Definition
The early gospel hymn was developed by this minister from PA?
Term
Marian Anderson
Definition
A gifted contralto, she aws the first A-A woman to perform with the Metro Opera
Term
Thomas A. Dorsey
Definition
Called the "Father of Traditional Gospel," he wrote between 800 - 1000 gospel songs?
Term

syncopation

polyrhythmic

improvisation

call && response

Definition
Name four characteristics of Black Music?
Term

high intensity color

adavist aesthetic

shine/luminousity && radiance

captivating imagery

African textiles

Definition
Name some characteristics of Black Visual Art?
Term

Polyrhythm

repetition

dialect

flexibility

positive movement

humor/sarcasm

Definition
name characteristics of Black Poetry
Term
Billie Holiday
Definition
Known for her profound expression of emotions, this popular jazz singer was plauged by heroin addiction and police harassment
Term
Hoofers
Definition
Dancers who learned to dance independently on the streets?
Term
Bill "Bojangles" Robinson
Definition
Popular tap dancer and screen star that developed the "stair dance" style
Term

hooting

stairdance

show dance

flash dance style

soft-shoe style

Definition
Name some tap dance styles
Term
Brown vs. Board of Education
Definition
Name of the Supreme court decision that legislated the desegregation of public schools.
Term
Nat King Cole
Definition
jazz pianist turned singer, famous for his unique velvet voice. He was the first A-A to have his own television show.
Term
Nina Simone
Definition
Singer and pianist who popularized "freedom songs" during the Civil rights and Black Liberation Movement.
Term
Art Blakely
Definition
Har-Bop jazz artist
Term
Romare Bearden
Definition
Improvisational visual artist
Term
Marian Anderson
Definition
Metropolitan Opera
Term
Ella Fitzgerald
Definition
Jazz singer
Term
The Black Arts Movement
Definition
Amiri Baraka, Sonia Sanchez, Nikki Giovanni, and Haki Madhabuti were pioneers of ____________?
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