Term
| A cell's functions can include obtaining food and water and getting rid of ________________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Compound microscopes focus light through ____________ to produce a magnified image. |
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Definition
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Term
| A large organism is made up of many millions of __________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| A(n) _________ lens has a center that is thicker than its edge. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _________ describes how cells are related to living things. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ability to distinguish between two nearby objects is called ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| A compound microscope with a 10X eyepiece and a 40X objective has a magnification of _______. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
* all cells are produced from other cells
* all living things are composed of cells
* cells are the basic units of structure and function |
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Term
| The ____________ controls the materials that enter and leave the cell |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ is a large structure that directs the cell's activities. |
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Definition
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Term
The storage area of a cell is called
a(n) _______. |
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Definition
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|
Term
A group of organs that work together to perform a major function is called
a(n) _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ are tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions in the cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________ have chloroplasts. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ are made in a special region of the nucleus called the nucleolus. |
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Definition
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Term
| A(n) _____ is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ______ form when two or more elements combine chemically. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The shape of the DNA molecule is described as a(n) __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A(n) _______ is the smallest unit of an element. |
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Definition
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Term
| Water diffusing through a semi-permeable membrane is called _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ occurs when a cell engulfs large food particles. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The ____________ controls the materials that move into and out of a cell. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Another name for a heterotroph is a ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the raw materials of photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| __________ are also known as producers |
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Definition
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Term
| The ultimate source of energy for all living things is the ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Plants are able to carry out photosynthesis because they contain _______ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| One important sugar that results from photosynthesis is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The green pigment that absorbs light energy is ______________ |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ is the opposite process of cellular respiration. |
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Definition
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Term
Glucose is a product of photosynthesis.
true false |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Oxygen is a product of cellular respiration.
true false |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ___________ are the powerhouses of the cell because they are the organelles in which cellular respiration takes place. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The total number of cells in an organism increases as a result of _____ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The process in which the cell makes an exact copy of the DNA in its nucleus is called ______ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Cell division allows organism to grow, repair damaged structures and ______ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The scientific study of heredity is called _____ |
|
Definition
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Term
A hybrid organism is the offspring of many generations that have the same form of a trait.
true false |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Capital letters are used to represent _____ alleles. |
|
Definition
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Term
| Mendel called an individual that has one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a trait a ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Mendel said that the factors that control a trait exist in ____ |
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Definition
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Term
Mendel's experiments showed that the traits of an offspring were not a blend of the characteristics of the parents in the F1 or F2 generations.
True False |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When parent plants are crossed, scientists refer to the first offspring as the F1 ____ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The alleles for a hybrid tall pea plant are represented as ____ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The physical appearance of an organism is its _____ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur is the ____ of the event. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| An organism that is ______ has two identical alleles for a trait. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A punnett square shows the combination of _______ that parents can pass on to offspring. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The genetic make up of an organism is its ____ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| An organism that is ____ has two different alleles for a trait. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Which of these genotypes is heterozygous?
AA Bb Cd ee |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Which of these is NOT a phenotype?
all short homozygous round |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In a cross between individuals that are Aa X Aa, how many boxes of the Punnett square will show an offspring that is AA? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Which of these is not a way to express probability?
1 in 4 50% 3/4 25 |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A cow has an equal mix of red hairs and white hairs. The male was red and the female was white. This is an example of ___ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Having pierced ears is an example of a(n) ___ trait. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Four alleles determine if a rabbit is white, brown or gray. This is an example of _________. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The pattern of inheritance in which more than one pair of genes affects a trait is _____ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| If a plant with red flowers is crossed with a plant with white flowers produces a plant with pink flowers, it is an example of _______ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Only changes in _____ cells can be passed to offspring. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Height in humans is an example of _______.
a. incomplete dominance
b. codominance
c. polygenic inheritance
d. multiple alleles |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The pattern of inheritance in which one allele is only partially dominant is ____. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The use of drugs to treat disease is called _______ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A mutation can be passed to offspring only if it takes place in a(n) ___ cell |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A mutation is any change in the _____ of a gene or chromosome |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Cancer is treated with surgery, ______ and drugs that destroy the cancer cells. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Mutations are sometimes helpful to the organism. true false |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Cancer is a disease in which cells divide ______ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| If chromosomes do not separate correctly during the formation of sex cells, the organism that forms can end up with too many or too few chromosomes. True False |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Cancer causes the growth of ____ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The body cells of humans contain ___ pairs of chromosomes |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A widow's peak is a trait controlled by many genes. true false |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In the case of sex linked traits, only ____ can be carriers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who determines the sex of a child? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
The sex chromosome carried by a human egg will always be a(n) ___ chromosome.
x y |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A person who has one recessive and one dominant allele for a trait is called a(n) _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The only pair of human chromosomes that do not always match are the ___ chromosomes |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Genes found on the X and Y chromosomes are often called ____ genes |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Which of the following is a genetic disorder that results when two mutated alleles are inherited?
down syndrome, colorblindness, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is the protein that is NOT normal in people with sickle cell?
mucus clotting protein karyotype hemoglobin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a genetic disorder that results from having an extra chromosome?
down syndrome colorblindness
cystic fibrosis hemophilia |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| To trace the occurrence of a trait through several generations of a family, you could create a _____. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A couple that have a family history of a genetic disorder might wish to receive advice from a(n) _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The allele for the sickle cell trait is ____ with the normal allele |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is a genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele on the X chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A doctor may use a(n) ____ to examine the chromosomes in a cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A condition in which a person's skin, hair and eyes lack normal coloring is called _______ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The process of _____, breeders cross two genetically different individuals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Crossing two individuals that have similar desirable characteristics is called _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In ____ organisms with desired traits are chosen to be parents of the next generation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process by which genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism is called ____ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Through _____ , a genetic disorder may be corrected by inserting copies of a gene directly into a person's cells |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ______ results in an organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism from which is was produced |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Some people are concerned that genetic engineering of crops may cause harm to the environment or health problems in humans. True False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| By using a stem cutting from an African violet plant, it is easy to produce a new planet, which is a(n) _____ of the original. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A hybrid organism has two different ____ for a trait. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA technology used in the Human Genome Project can show whether people are related. T F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identical twins have the same DNA.
T F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A person's medical records may contain informaton about a person's ___________, such as whether he or she drinks alcohol or smokes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The goal of the Human Genome Project was to identify the DNA sequence of part of the human genome. TÂ Â Â F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is the study of principles about what is right and wrong, fair and unfair. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An organism's full set of DNA is called its ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some people fear health insurance companies or employers could use a person's genetic information to discriminate against him or her. T F |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Member's of a species can mate with each other and produce _____. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The different shapes of a bird beaks are examples of ______ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Only the organisms with a desired characteristic are bred in ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The preserved remains of an organism that lived long ago is a(n) _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Today, scientists know that organisms are much ____ diverse than Darwin imagined. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Without variation, all the members of a species would have the same traits.
T F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To understand how evolution might occur, Darwin studied the offspring of ____ animals that were produced by artificial selection. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Darwin made a number of important observations on the ____ Islands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The millions of fossils that scientists have collected are called the _____ record. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scientists infer evolutionary relationships by comparing the early development of different _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scientists infer that species with similar body structures and development patterns had a common ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scientists have found a great deal of evidence that supports Darwin's theory of ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Similar structures that related speices have inherited from a common ancestor are called _____ structures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scientists compare the ____ bases in the DNA of different species to infer how closely related the species are. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fishes, amplhibians, reptiles, birds and mammals all have an internal skeleton with a backbone. T F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scientist can compare the order of amino acids in a protein to see how closely two species are. T F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A new speices can form when a group of individuals remains completely separated from the rest of its ________ long enough to evolve different traits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A natural barrier such as a river or volcano may separate group members to form a new species. T F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Kaibab squirrel and the Abert's squirrel are members of the same species. T F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ explains how variations can lead to changes in a species. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ occurs when some members of a species become cut off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is a pattern of new specices forming over very long periods of time. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is a pattern of new species involving during short periods of rapid change |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cow and dog are separate species, unable to ________ with each other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the movement of materials across a cell membrane using cellular energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an inherited behavior or physical characterisitic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the different forms of a gene |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the basic unit of structure and function in living things |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cells of plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the use of drugs to treat diseases such as cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a green photosynthetic pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a threadlike structure within a cell's nucleus that contains DNA that is passed from one generation to the next |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a situation in which both alleles for a gene are expressed equally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a substance that has two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio example h2o |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thick fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane or between the cell membrane and nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the shape of a DNA molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means ex. sulfur, gold |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an organelle that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the study of principles about what is right and wrong, fair and unfair |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| change over time, the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the process in sexual reproduction in which an egg cell and sperm cell join to form a new cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a sequence of DNA that determines a trait and is passed from parent to offspring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the process of changing a gene to treat a medical disease or disorder, an absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal working gene |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a complete set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an organisms genetic make up or allele combinations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an organelle in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them and distributes them to other parts of the cell |
|
Definition
| golgi apparatus/ golgi bodies |
|
|
Term
| pattern of evolution characterized by the slow and steady accumulation of small genetic changes over long periods of time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an organism that cannot make its own food and gets food by consuming other living things |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| having two different alleles for a particular gene |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| structures that are similar in different species and that have been inherited from a common ancestor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| having two identical alleles for a particular gene example: TT, tt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an offspring of crosses that has two different alleles for a trait |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a selective breeding method that involves crossing different individuals to bring together the best traits from both parents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a selective breeding method in which two individuals with similar sets of alleles are crossed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a picture of all the human chromosomes in a cell grouped together in pairs and arranged in order of decreasing size |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a cell organelle which contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones and that can be used by the rest of the cell - pac man of the cell! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg cells) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an instrument that makes small objects look larger |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cell division that occurs in every cell of your body - exception - the sex cells (sperm and egg) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three or more possible alleles of a gene that determine a trait |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| any change in the DNA of a gene or a chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the process by which organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the brain of the cell, contains the cell's genetic material |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissues that work together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a group of organs that work together to perform a major function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within a cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the movement of dissolved materials across a cell membrane without using cellular energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across several generations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an organism's physical appearance or visible traits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the process by which plants capture and use light energy to make food from carbon dioxide and water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the inheritance of traits that are controlled by two or more genes, such as height in humans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a number that describes how likely it is that a particular event will occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
an offspring of many generations that has the same form of a trait
example: TT tt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus before cell division |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a small grained shaped organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a well tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| method of breeding that allows only those organisms with desired traits to produce the next generation |
|
Definition
selective breeding
artificial breeding |
|
|
Term
| allows some material to pass the membrane but not others |
|
Definition
| selectively permeable membrane |
|
|
Term
| a pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is male or female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a gene that is carried on a sex (X OR Y) chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a group of similar cells that perform a specific function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a specific characteristic that an organism can pass to its offspring through its genes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a sac like organelle that stores water, food and other materials |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| any difference between individuals of the same species |
|
Definition
|
|
