Term
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Definition
| the most superficial spinal meninge |
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Term
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Definition
| contains cerebrospinal fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| denticulate ligaments are thickenings of this |
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Term
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Definition
| spinal cord feature where the nerves that supply the lower limbs emerge |
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Term
| Posterior Root of spinal nerves |
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Definition
| contains only sensory axons that conduct nerve impulses from sensory receptors on the skin, muscles and internal organs to the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| the layer of protective connective tissue that is the outermost covering surrounding a spinal nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| division of spinal nerve reenters the vertebral cavity through the intervertebral foramen and serves the vertebrae, vertebral ligaments, blood vessels of the spinal cord and meninges. |
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Term
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Definition
| do no enter into a plexus and directly connect to the structures they supply |
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Term
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Definition
| The sight of injury for a man with median nerve palsy in his left hand |
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Term
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Definition
| region of the spinal cord that carries nerve impulses for propioception |
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Term
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Definition
| these white matter tracts of the spinal cord carry sensory information |
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Term
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Definition
| carried in the descending tracts of the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| another term for the summoning of EPSP's and IPSP's in the gray matter of the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| type of descending motor pathway conveys nerve impulses that originate in the cerebral cortex and are destined to cause precise, voluntary movements of skeletal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| type of descending motor pathway originates in the brainstem and governs movements that help regulate muscle tone, posture and balance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| receives sensory information and decides how to respond to a change in the body's condition |
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Term
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Definition
| part of a nervous reflex arc that is usually a muscle or gland |
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Term
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Definition
| has a cell body in the posterior root ganglion |
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Term
| Posterior root of spinal nerve |
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Definition
| a nerve impulse initiated as a muscle spindle has to travel through this |
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Term
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Definition
| a somatic spinal reflex that involves one effector muscle being stimulated while the opposing muscle is inhibited |
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Term
| Protection of spinal nerves |
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Definition
| NOT a function of the spinal reflexes that use spindles and tendon organs as sensors |
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Term
| Ipsilateral, intersegmental, and spinal somatic reflex |
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Definition
| control many flexor and extensor muscles on the same side of the body as the sensor |
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Term
| # of connections to the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| serves the deep muscles and skin posterior surface of the trunk |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as thoracic nerves |
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Term
| Motor portion of the autonomic nervous system |
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Definition
| can be divided into Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions |
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Term
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Definition
| display the property of electrical excitability |
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Term
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Definition
| common site of protein synthesis in neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to both axons and dendrites |
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Term
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Definition
| has one dendrite and one axon emerging from the cell body |
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Term
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Definition
| begin to form myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral nervous system during fetal development |
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Term
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Definition
| type of nervous tissue that contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neurogial cells |
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Term
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Definition
| NOT a type of channel used in production of electrical signals in neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| has a large imbalance across its membrane, includes most cells of the body, exhibits a membrane potential |
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Term
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Definition
| is considered to be an electgenic pump because it contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential |
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Term
| A depolarizing graded potential |
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Definition
| makes the membrane less polarized |
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Term
| relative refractory period |
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Definition
| a second action potential can only be initiate by a larger that normal stimulus during this period |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs only in myelinated axons |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| An excitatory neurotransmitter |
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Definition
| depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibitory postsynaptic potential |
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Term
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Definition
| when the summed total of postsynaptic potential rises above thrshold, creation of action potentials occurs here |
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Term
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Definition
| type of neural circuit that consists of a single presynaptic neuron synapsing with several postsynaptic neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to change based on experience |
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Term
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Definition
| the brain and spinal cord develop from this neural tube |
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Term
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Definition
| the brain vesicle that gives rise to the midbrain and cerebral aqueduct |
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Term
| Brain stem, Cerebrum, Cerebellum, & Diencephalon |
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Definition
| Major regions of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus |
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Term
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Definition
| type of meninge that has 2 layers |
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Term
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Definition
| this extension of the dura mater seperates the 2 hemishpheres of the cerebrum |
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Term
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Definition
| this protects the brain by preventing the movement of harmful substances and pathogens from the blood into the brain tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebrospinal fluid carries small amounts of chemicals like glucose from this to neurons and neuroglia |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid-filled cavity located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum |
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Term
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Definition
| a narrow fluid filled cavity found along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus |
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Term
| Cerebrospinal fluid functions |
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Definition
| mechanical protection, pH homeostasis & circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| networks of capillaries found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain that produce cerebrospinal fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed through these fingerlike projections found in the dural venous sinuses |
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Term
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Definition
| a netlike region of white and gray matter that extends throughout the brainstem and functions to help maintain consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
| Structure of the brain that contains centers responsible for the istatle reflexi in response to loud sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| region of the brain that contains pneumotaxic and apneustic areas that help control respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| white matter protrusions found on the medulla oblongata |
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Term
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Definition
| masses of gray matter in the medulla oblongata |
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Term
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Definition
| contains inferior olivary nuclues |
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Term
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Definition
| a band of white matter that extends through the medulla oblongata, the pons and the midbrain |
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Term
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Definition
| nuclei found in this are pontine nuclei, Apneustic area, and pneumotaxic area |
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Term
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Definition
| a nucleus found in the medulla oblongata that receives sensory information associated with touch, pressure and vibration |
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Term
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Definition
| a nucleus found in the midbrain that releases dopamine |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the cerebellum that contributes to equilibrium and balance |
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Term
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Definition
| the cerebellar cortex consists of this which are parallel folds of gray matter |
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Term
| Inferior cerebellar peduncle |
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Definition
| this structure carries sensory information coming from proprioceptors found in the trunk and limbs into the cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
| Region of the brain that serves as the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem |
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Term
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Definition
| NOT a nucleus found in the thalamus |
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Term
| Blood Calcium Concentration |
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Definition
| not controlled by the hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
| directly controlled by hormones produced by the hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The Gyri of the cerebrum are formed |
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Definition
| because the gray matter grows faster than the underlying white matter |
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Term
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Definition
| conducts nerve impulses between the 2 different hemispheres of the cerebrum |
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Term
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Definition
| the lentiform and caudate are known as this |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the limbis system lies between the hippicampus and the pasahippocampus gyrus |
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Term
| Primary somatosensory area |
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Definition
| functional area of the cerebrum responsible for sensing body touch and temperature |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for conscious movements of the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| reponsible for regulating visceral activity |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for changing facial expressions |
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Term
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Definition
| found in blood vessels, visceral organs, & muscles |
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Term
| A postganglionic neuron in the ANS |
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Definition
| releases neurotransmitter that binds to the effector cell |
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Term
| Preganglionic sympathetic neuron |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| used to designate an effector that is innervated by both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS |
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Term
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Definition
| not a sympathetic prevertebral ganglion |
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Term
| Parasympathetic terminal ganglion |
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Definition
| ciliary ganglion, ptergopalatine ganglion, submandibular ganglion, & otic ganglion |
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Term
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Definition
| the largest autonomic plexus |
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Term
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Definition
| autonomis plexus is located to the fifth lumbar vertebra and serves the pelvis viscera |
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Term
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Definition
| structures containing sympathetic preganglionic axons that connect the anterior ramus of the spinal nerve with the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk |
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Term
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Definition
| contain cell bodies of the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons that serve the perotoid salivary glands |
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Term
| Norepinephrine & Acetycholine |
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Definition
| the 2 main neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system |
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Term
| Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors |
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Definition
| types of cholingernic receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| autonomis tone is regulated by this |
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