Term
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Definition
| When a human produced substance is released into a natural ecosystem |
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Term
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Definition
| When contaminants are present in high enough concentrations to cause measurable damage to environmental, economic, or human health |
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Term
| Sources of marine pollution (5) |
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Definition
1. Industry
2. Cities
3. Urban Sprawl
4. Construction Sites
5. Farms |
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Term
| Real Sources of Marine Pollution (5) |
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Definition
1. Runoff and discharges from land 44%
2. Airborne Emissions from land 33%
3. Shipping and accidental spills 12%
4. Ocean dumping 10%
5. Offshore mining, oil and gas drilling 1% |
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Term
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Definition
1. Nutrients from feeding the fish smother life on the seafloor smother life on the seal floor in and around the pens
2. Overcrowded pens breed diseases and parasites that infect wild salmon populations
3. 10 pounds of wild fish must be used to produce 1 pound of farmed salmon |
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Term
| Process of industrial nitrogen fixation |
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Definition
| Haber-Bosch Process: industrial nitrogen fixation with high pressure and temperature results in us making as much nitrogen fertilizer as the rest of the natural world put together |
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Term
| What's responsible for Great Barrier Reef death? |
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Definition
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Term
Where are the dead zones? (2)
Causes too |
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Definition
Gulf of Mexico due to runoff from factories and cities in MS river basin
Chesapeake bay point and nonpoint sources from the tropospheric deposition of air pollutants |
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Term
How can radioactive waste be dumped (2)?
Place example |
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Definition
1. Drilling
2. Free fall
Farallon Islands |
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Term
| Examples of Chemical pollutants (9) |
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Definition
1. Aldicarb
2. Benzene
3. Carbon tetrachloride
4. Chloroform
5. Dioxin
6. Ethylene Dibromide
7. Polychlorinated Biphenyls
8. Tetrachloroethylene
9. Vinyl Chloride |
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Term
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Definition
| Channel Island Bald Eagles |
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Term
| Sources of Oil Pollution (6) |
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Definition
1. Transportation operations
2. Accidental Spills
3. Use and disposal
4. Atmospheric inputs
5. Natural Sources
6. Offshore production and coastal refining |
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Term
| Oil Spill cleanup methods (3) |
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Definition
1. Sprinkle nanoparticles over a spill to dissolve the oil without creating harmful byproducts (developing)
2. Require at least secondary treatment of coastal sewage
3. Use wetlands, solar aquatic, or other methods to treat sewage |
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Term
| Types of economic resources (3) |
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Definition
1. Natural resources
2. Manufactured resources
3. Human resources |
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Term
| Assumptions of ecological economists (3) |
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Definition
1. Resources are limited
2. Encourage environmentally beneficial and sustainable forms of development
3. The harmful environmental and health effects of producing godos and services should be included in market prices |
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Term
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Definition
| How much it takes to offset any environmental damage |
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Term
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Definition
| determine how much people are willing to pay to keep the environment intact (ie protect an endangered species) |
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Term
| Cost benefit analysis involves determining (4) |
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Definition
1. who or what may be affected by a regulation or project
2. projecting potential outcomes
3. evaluating alternative actions
4. establishing who benefits and who is harmed |
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Term
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Definition
| Certifying and labeling environmentally beneficial good and resources extracted by more sustainable methods can help consumers decide what goods and services to buy |
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Term
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Definition
| Taxes on pollution and resource use can move us closer to full-costing pricing |
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Term
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Definition
| Shifting taxes from wages and profits to pollution and waste |
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Term
| Tradeable Permits, "cap and trade" |
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Definition
| Gov’ts can set a limit on pollution emissions or use of a resource, give permits to users, and allow them to trade their permits on the marketplace |
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Term
| What are the arguments for and against Iron addition to the ocean to draw down CO2? |
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Definition
-Proponents
-We are already changing the chemistry of the Earth, so deliberate intervention to fix it is justified
-Iron fertilization mimics natural iron inputs and is therefore safe
-Cheaper and safer than other options to reduce CO2
-Opponents
-It won’t work; calculations suggest that you’d have to fertilize an area a million times over to drawn down 30% of the CO2 we produce
-Changing ecosystems recklessly would be disastrous
-unknown shift in biological communities, toxic algal blooms, deep water depletion of oxygen |
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