Term
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Definition
| At least one episodes of mania alternates with major depression; psychosis may accompany the manic episode |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypomanic episodes alternate with major depression; psychosis is not present; the hypomania tends to be euphoric and often increases functioning, and the depression tends to put people at risk for suicide |
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Term
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Definition
| hypomanic episodes alternate with minor depressive episodes (at least two years in duration); individuals with cyclothymia tend to have irritable hypomanic episodes |
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Term
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Definition
| four or more mood episodes in a 12-month period (used to indicate more severe symptoms, such as poorer global functioning, high recurrence risk, and resistance to conventional somatic treatments) |
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Term
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Definition
1.) a distinct period of abnormality and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for at least 1 week;
severe enough to cause impairment in occupational activities, usual social activities, or relationships;
2.) necessitate hospitalization or psychotic features;
3.) not due to direct physiological effects of a substance |
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Term
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Definition
1.) A distinct period of abnormality and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for at least 4 days; associated with unequivocal changes in functioning that is uncharacteristic of the person when not symptomatic;
2.) This disturbance is noticed by others
3.) symptoms are not due to direct physiological effects of a substance
4.) There is NO make impairment in social or occupational functioning, nor is hospitalization indicated |
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Term
| How are bipolar disorders different from unipolar disorders? |
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Definition
Depressive episodes in bipolar disorders:
-affect younger people
-produce more episodes of illness
-require more frequent hospitalization |
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Term
| Danger of putting a bipolar individual on antidepressants: |
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Definition
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Term
| Early diagnosis of Bipolar disorder can help to avoid: |
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Definition
-Suicide attempts
-Alcohol or substance abuse
-Martial or work problems
-Development of a medical co-morbidity |
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Term
| Causes of Bipolar disorders: |
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Definition
-genetic factors
-Neurobiological
-Stress/ cortisol |
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Term
| Danger of Mania and Hypomania |
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Definition
| Although short periods of sleep are possible, some patients may not sleep for several days in a row. This non stop physical activity and the lack of sleep and food can lead to physical exhaustion and even death is not treated; it therefore constitutes an emergency. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nearly continuous flow of accelerated speech with abrupt changes from topic to topic that are usually based on understandable associations or plays on words. |
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Term
| The three phases of Illness in Bipolar disorders: |
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Definition
Acute phase
Continuation Phase
Maintenance Phase |
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Term
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Definition
INJURY PREVENTION
There are physical and psychiatric issues to be dealt with in this phase.
Outcomes of this phase may include the patient will: be well hydrated, maintain stable cardiac status, maintain/obtain tissue integrity, get sufficient sleep/rest, demonstrate thought control, or make no attempt at self-harm |
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Term
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Definition
RELAPSE PREVENTION
This phase lasts for 4-9 months, where psychoeducational classes are implemented, support groups/therapy are suggested, or training is given in communication and problem-solving skills. |
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Term
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Definition
LIMIT the SEVERITY and DURATION of FUTURE EPISODES
+ relapse prevention
Continued involvement of the patient in education and therapy groups may be a characteristic of this stage. |
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Term
| Pharmacological Treatment of Bipolar Disorders |
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Definition
Severe manic episodes:
(lithium or Daepakote) + atypical (Olanzapine, risperodone)
Less severe symptoms:
Only one of such, antiepileptic medication, third generation.
Reduce agitation or anxiety:
benzodiazapine |
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Term
| Side effects to watch for with Lithium: |
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Definition
(deceases resorption of sodium)
-dehydration
-HAND TREMORS
-weight gain
-g.i. upset --> not necessarily toxic |
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Term
| Toxicity signs to each for with Lithium: |
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Definition
-N&V
-Thirst
-polyuria
-SLURRED SPECH |
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Term
| When can you use an antidepressant on a bipolar patient? |
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Definition
| when they are on a mood stabilizer |
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Term
| Cautionary side effect in Atypical Antipsychotics: |
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Definition
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