Term
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Definition
the collection of a well preserved sample of DNA which has not been degraded or contaminated with foreign DNA. |
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Term
| How does DNA amplification work? |
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Definition
-this is the process where we take a minute quantity of DNA and culturing it so that we have exact copies of the DNA. -doing this makes it poosible to trace quatities of DNA and then make exact copies so that a sufficient quantity is available for analysis. -This technique is refered to as PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
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Term
| Explain PCR and Forensic Science |
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Definition
small highly variables segments of DNA are selected and then amplified using PCR. This allows for the tinniest samples of DNA to be used for further evidence for solving crimes or identifiying criminals. |
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Definition
-Allows to smaple ber small tissue samples to look for DNA fragments indicative of a disease or abnormal secitons. i.e. mouth swabs or early screening for different types of cancer.
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Term
| Explain the purpose of Genetic probes |
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Definition
-These are used to find specific sequences of DNA. -If we know the sequence of amino acids in a protein, then the sequence of codons are known which produces this protein. -Scientist create a synthetic strand of this DNA and attach a radioactive marker allows for exact location on the gene sequence. -new strand is mixed with real DNA and the probe will find the right genetic complemen. |
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Definition
-We use this to cut specific DNA sequences what we want to take out and put into other organism. |
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Term
| What is the result of DNA and Plasmids? |
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Definition
-The ultimate result of this is a engineered protein. -By being able to genetically engineer neccessary protein and such, protiens such as : human growth fator, insulin, and even some vaccines are able to created.
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Term
| How does Recombinant DNA work? |
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Definition
If the DNA is to be inserted into a plant or animal, a virus is typically used to inject the recombinant DNA into the host |
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| In Humans, what are the results fo recombinant DNA? |
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Definition
Gene Therapy: recombinant DNA is used to correct a genetic defect in a person. Not passed on to next generation. Treatment for Cystic Fibrosis: uses the common cold virus to inject the correct CF into the cell lining of the lungs. Not passed on Taging Tumor Cells: This is exactly like the monoclonal cells. Tumor cells are tagged and the immune system are able ot kill them. i.e. The herpe virus is injected and attach to tumor cells. As a result there are anti herpe drugs that kill the tumor. |
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Term
| Once we have a complete set of DNA, how do we make the organism? |
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Definition
Cloning: The nucleous of the egg is sucked out and replaced by the desired DNA or the organism we want to produce. This egg is then implanted into a mother and will be born genetically different. |
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| How do we compare the DNA of 2 similar organisms or repair damaged or missing pieces of DNA? |
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Definition
-DNA from Two different species are taken and mixed and heated together. -The sequences of the DNA of one species which has the same complement on the DNA of the other species will combine together.
-The greater the hybridization, the closer related the two species are. |
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Term
| How do we quickly compare two samples of DNA to see if they are the same? |
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Definition
-electrophoresis: takes DNA fragments cut by restriction enzymes places them into gel plates. The plates are charged with a negetive and positive pole. The polar DNA are pulled to the different sides. -Fingerprints: each individual has there own unique fingerprints. so comparing them will automatically tell if they two prints are identical. |
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