Term
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Definition
smaller/simpler
DNA is NOT located in nucleus
Lack membrand bound organelles
CELL WALL
CAPSULE |
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Term
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Definition
| composes cell wall in prokaryotic bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| outer layer of carbohydrates that is only located in eukaryotic bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
plant and animal cells
simple celled organisms
protozoan amoebas |
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Term
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Definition
Cocci-spherical
bacili- rod shaped
corkscrew/spiral |
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Term
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Definition
| a preparation of microbes or its products that stimulate the production of antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| any substance that can stimulate antibody production |
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Term
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Definition
| created with PARTS of pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
| created with live pathogens that have been WEAKENED |
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Term
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Definition
| created from DEAD pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of an organism to create natural light |
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Term
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Definition
a reporter gene that forms the enzyme Luciferase
enzyme allows for bioilluminesence |
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Term
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Definition
gene transfer to a plant from another species
Advantages:
crops can grow faster, live longer, produce more, resist disease, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits TRANSLATION
antisense PG mRNA binds to snese PG mRNA
PG is not translated into PG protein
FLAVR SAVR TOMATO |
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Term
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Definition
| digestive protein in a tomato that makes it rot |
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Term
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Definition
produces a CRYSTAL protein (Ct) that kills bugs
used instead of spraying crops |
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Term
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Definition
Gene that blocks the availability of BIOTIN(allows insects to grow)
used to keep crops safe during storage
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Term
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Definition
Polio Vaccine
Cataract Surgery Techniques
Dialysis |
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Term
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Definition
Alternative method
checks for toxicity
but cannot tell the outcome on organism |
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Term
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Definition
answer fundamental questions about biology
limited programming/tech |
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Term
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Definition
REDUCE-amount of hight level org.
REPLACE- animal subjects whenever possible
REFINE- research tech. to make it humane |
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Term
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Definition
1) Test in cell cultures
2)Test with live animals
3)Test on human participants |
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Term
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Definition
| a group or organisms or cells produced asexually from one ancestor or stock, to which they are genetically identical |
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Term
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Definition
| splitting embryos in half |
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Term
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Definition
DNA from donor Cell must be inserted into egg
Egg is prepared by enucleation
DNA of donor cell is put into egg cell
Embryo is transferred to surrogate mother for gestation |
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Term
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Definition
donor cell must come from living organism
clones are not identical
low success rate
get old quickly |
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Term
| Retrovirus-mediated Transgenics |
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Definition
Infecting mouse embryos with retroviruses before the embryos are implanted
Disadvantage-size of transgene is limited |
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Term
| Pronuclear microinjection |
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Definition
introduces the transgene DNA at the earliest possible stage of developement of the zygote
DNA is injectied directly into nucleus of egg or sperm |
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Term
| Embryonic Stem Cell Method |
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Definition
| embryonic stem cells are mixed with DNA and will absorb the DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| uses linker proteins to attach DNA to sperm cells |
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Term
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Definition
| shoots dna directly into plant |
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Term
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Definition
expresses the enzyme phytase in its siliva
it is deemed enviromentally friendly because it produces substantially less phophorus in its urine and feces than do non transgenic pig |
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Term
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Definition
an analysis of an individuals unique DNA composition as a characteristic marker or fingerprint for identification purposes
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Term
| Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism |
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Definition
requires large amounts of DNA
DNA must NOT be degraded
type of DNA testing |
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Term
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Definition
requires less DNA
DNA can be degraded
very sensitive to contamination |
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Term
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Definition
Variable Number Tandem Repeats
Inherited from mother and father
unique to person
16 or more bps |
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Term
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Definition
Short Tandem Repeats
short repeating sequences of DNA
aka. microsatellites
are a type of VNTR
1-6 bps |
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Term
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Definition
| the specific location of a gene or DNA sequence on a chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA fingerprinting is used to tell difference between Asian and North American types of ginseng |
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Term
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Definition
used to determine genealogy of grapes used for wine
cabernet sauvignon |
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Term
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Definition
mtDNA can be used to test DNA from samples that can't be analyzed by FRLP or STR
only transferred MATERNALLY
therefore can trace maternal parentage through mtDNA |
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