Term
| protazoa general features |
|
Definition
-single celled
-flagellates, clliates, ameboids
-intracellular (RBC, macrophages)
-extracellular (blood, GI tract)
-prevalent in sub/tropical regions |
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Term
|
Definition
-asexual binary fission, shizogony (multiple fission) in HUMAN HOST
-sexual reproduction in INSECT vector
-high parasite burden
-normally asymptomatic infections |
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Term
|
Definition
-1-300um
-cyst-dormant NON replicating, adapted for survival as it transits between hosts (infectious form)
-trophozoite-growth and replication (binary fission) within the host (motile form) |
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Term
| sites of protazoan infection |
|
Definition
-food and water borne (T. gondii
Cyclospora)
-vector transmitted (Plasmodium, Leishmania, Trypanosomes)
-sexually transmitted (T. vaginalis) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
-intestinal parasite of cats
-pathogenic for human feces
-tissue sites-brain and heart |
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|
Term
|
Definition
-newly emerged intestinal parasite
-causes diarrhea
-unknown reservoir |
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Term
|
Definition
-amebiasis (bloody diarrhea)
-human reseroir-fecal oral
-human fecal contamination of water/food
-damage large intestine
-can spread to liver and lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-giardiasis (traveler's diarrhea)
-human and animal reseroir-fecal oral
-contaminated water sources
-damages small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-cryptosporidiosis (watery diarrhea)
-human and animal reservoir-fecal oral
-infect microvilli/intestinal epithilial
-trophozoites develop into merozoites via asxeual or sexual cycle
-auto infection and release of oocysts in feces
-drinking water, swimming pools |
|
|
Term
| extra intestinal protazoa |
|
Definition
-intracellular
-plasmodium
-trypanosoma
-leishmania |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-bite-gametes infect mosquitos from an infected human
-sexual replication in mosquito hindgut
-sporozoites migrate to salivary glands
-bite-release sporozoites to liver
-schizogony occurs (asymptomatic)
-merozoites spread into RBCs
-trophozoite forms
-asexual reproduction (most) leads to RBC lysis and formation of gametocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Chagas disease
-kissing bug vector
-complications after 10-20 years
-damage to cardiac tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-leads to African Sleeping Sickness
-Tstse fly vector
-invasion of CNS
-dementia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-intracellular parasit of macrophages
-transmitted by sandfly bites
-reservoirs-rodents, dogs, humans
-cutaneous and visceral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-localized skin ulcers and lesions
-heals once immune system responds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-kala-azar (black fever)
-systemic-liver, spleen, bone marrow
-if untreated, liver failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-polymorphic surface antigens (plasmodium)
-antigenic variation (trypanosomes)
-evasion of lysosomal enzymes (both)
-L survive in phagolysosome |
|
|
Term
| Giardia Entamoeba treatment |
|
Definition
| -metronidazole-form cytotoxic intermediate that damage DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-primaquine-targets hepatic stage, inhibits ETC
-chloroquine-targets RBC stage, impairs heme utilization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-melarsoprol-inhibit pyruvate kinase, inhibit glycolysis
-pentamidine-interferes with DNA metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-pentamidine-interferes DNA metabolism
-antimonials-unknown mechanism, proposed interference with fatty acid oxidation and glycolytic pathway |
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