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| the complete collection of all elements ( scores, people, measurements) to be studied . All subjects to be study. |
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| is the collection of data from every member of a population |
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| is a sub collection of members from part of a population |
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| is a measurement describing some characteristic of a population ( Sample: 2100/500trout=4.1 mean : 4.1 is parameter) |
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| is a measurement describing some characteristic of a sample ( Sample: 45% out of 877, 45% statistic.) |
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| Consist of number representing count of measurements ( The weight of manatees) |
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Qualitative Data
(categorical or at
attribute) Data |
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| can be separated into different categories that are distinguished by some non non numerical characteristic( The gender of bears) |
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| result when the number of possible values is either a finite number or countable ( 0,1,2...) (the number of eggs a chicken lays) |
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| result from infinitely many possible values that correspond to some continues scale that covers the range of values without gaps or interruptions . ( the gallons of milk cow gives ) |
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| data that consists of names, labels, or categories only. Cant be arranged in low or high) ( colors, yes, no, undecided ) |
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| can be arranged in some order, but difference between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless(Ranks and grades) |
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| Interval level of measurement |
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| like ordinal, with the difference of two values is meaningful. Data does not have a natural zero starting point.(temperature ) |
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| Ration level of measurement |
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| is the interval level with addition of a natural zero starting point (weights, and ages) |
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| we observe and measure specific characteristic but we don't attempt to modify the subject being studied. |
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| we apply treatment and them proceed to observe its effects on the subject |
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| data are observed, measured, and collected at one point in time |
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| Data collected from the past by going back in time (records ) |
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| data are collected in the future from groups sharing common factors |
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| members from a population are selected in such a way that each individual had the same change of being selected |
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| of size "n" subject is selected in such a way that every possible sample of the same size "n" has the same change of being selected |
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| randomly select a starting point and the select every kth (50th ) element in the population |
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| we simply collect result that are easy to get |
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| we subdivide that population into at least 2 different subgroups that share that same characteristic ( age or gender)then we draw s sample from each group. |
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| we first divide the population area into section, then randomly select some of those clusters and the choose all the members from those selected clusters. |
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