Term
| What are the function(s), insertion, orgin, nerve innervation, and artery that supplies the trapezius muscle? Define the different sections of the trapezius and their specific functions. |
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Definition
The proximal attachment of the trapezius muscle is on the external occipital protuberance, the nuchal ligament, and the spinous process of vertabrae C7 to T12.
Superior Part: Attaches to the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle and it elevates the scapula
Middle Part: Attaches to the acromion and spine of the scapula and it retracts the scapula
Inferior Part: Attaches near the medial part of the spine of the scapula and it depresses the scapula
The accessory nerve provides motor innervation
The transverse cervicle artery accompanies the nerves |
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Term
| What are the function(s), insertion, orgin, nerve innervation, and artery that supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle? |
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Definition
The proximal attachments are the spines of the vertabrae T7 - T12, the thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and ribs 9-12
The distal attachment is the floor of the bicipital groove on the anterior side of the humerus
The thoracodorsal nerve and artery supply the muscle
The latissimus dorsi extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus |
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Term
| What are the function(s), insertion, orgin, nerve innervation, and artery that supplies the rhomboid minor muscle? |
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Definition
The proximal attachment are the nuchal ligament and the spinous processes of vertebrae C7 - T1.
The distal attachment is the medial border of the scapula
The rhomboid muscles retract the scapula, rotate the scapula to depress the glenoid cavity and hold the scapula close to the thoracic wall.
The dorsal scapular artery and nerve course parallel to the medial border of the scapula |
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Term
| What are the function(s), insertion, orgin, nerve innervation, and artery that supplies the rhomboid major muscle? |
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Definition
The proximal attachments are the spinous processes of vertebrae T2 - T5
The distal attachment is the medial border of the scapula inferior to the spine
The rhomboid muscles retract the scapula, rotate the scapula to depress the glenoid cavity, and hold the scapula close to the thoracic wall
The dorsal scapular artery and nerve supply the muscle |
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Term
| What are the function(s), insertion, orgin, nerve innervation, and artery that supplies the levator scapulae muscle? |
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Definition
The proximal attachments are the transverse processes of C1-C4
The distal attachment is the superior angle of the scapula
The dorsal scapular nerve and artery supply the levator scapulae
Levator scapulae elevates the scapula and rotates the scapula to depress the glenoid cavity |
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Term
| What is the importance of the triangle of auscultation? What muscles make up this triangle? |
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Definition
Within the triangle of auscultation, intercostal space 6 has no overlying muscles. This area is particularly well suited for listening to sounds produced by thoracic organs, particularly the lungs)
Latissimus dorsi, trapezius, and rhomboid major make the borders of the triangle |
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Term
| What makes up the lumbar triangle? |
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Definition
| The latissimus dorsi muscle, external oblique muscle, and the iliac crest. The floor of the triangle is the internal oblique muscle of the abdominen |
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Term
| What are the function(s), insertion, orgin, nerve innervation, and artery that supplies the serratus posterior superior muscle? |
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Definition
The proximal attachments are the nuchal ligament and the spinous processes of vertebrae C7 - T3
The distal attachments are ribs 2-5
The serratus posterior muscles are respiratory muscles, and they are innervated by the intercostal nerves |
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Term
| What are the function(s), insertion, orgin, nerve innervation, and artery that supplies the serratus posterior inferior muscle? |
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Definition
The proximal attachments are the spinous processes of vertebrae T11 - L2
The distal attachments are ribs 9-12
The serratus posterior muscles are respiratory muscles and are innervated by the intercostal nerves |
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Term
| All of the deep muscles of the back are innervated by what nerve? |
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Definition
| The dorsal rami of the spinal nerves |
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Term
| What are the deep muscles of the back? |
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Definition
| Splenius capitis, splenius cervicis, semispinalis capitis, and the erector spinae (longissimus, spinalis, iliocostalis) |
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Term
| What are the function(s), insertion, orgin, nerve innervation, and artery that supplies the splenius capitis muscle? |
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Definition
The proximal attachments are the nuchal ligament and the spinous processes of vertebrae C7 - T6
The distal attachment is the mastoid process of the temporal bone and the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
It extends, rotates, and laterally bends the head
Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves innervate the splenius capitis |
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Term
| What are the function(s), insertion, orgin, nerve innervation, and artery that supplies the splenius cervicis muscle? |
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Definition
The proximal attachment is the nuchal ligament and the spinous process of the vertebrae C7-T6
The distal attachment is the transverse processes of vertabrae C1-C4
Splenius cervicis extends, rotates, and laterally bends the head
Dorsal rami of the spinal nerve is the innervation |
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Term
| What are the 3 muscles of the erector spinae? |
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Definition
| Longissimus, spinalis, and iliocostalis |
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Term
| What are the function(s), insertion, orgin, nerve innervation, and artery that supplies the spinalis (erector spinae muscle)? |
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Definition
It is the medial column of the erector spinae
The superior & inferior attachments are on the spinous processes
It is present at lumbar, thoracic, and cervicle vertebral levels
Spinalis extends and laterally bends the trunk and neck
Innervation: Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves
The deep cervical artery supplies the spinalis |
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Term
| What are the function(s), insertion, orgin, nerve innervation, and artery that supplies the longissimus (erector spinae)? |
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Definition
It is the intermediate column of the erector spinae
The inferior attachment is on the sacrum
The superior attachments are on the transverse processes of the thoracic and cervical vertebrae
It extends and laterally bends the trunk and neck
Innervation: Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves
Deep cervical artery supplies the longissimus
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Term
| What are the function(s), insertion, orgin, nerve innervation, and artery that supplies the iliocostalis (erector spinalis)? |
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Definition
The lateral column of the erector spinae
The inferior attachment is iliac crest
The superior attachments are the ribs
It extends and laterally bends the vertebral column
Innervation: Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves
Artery: Deep cervical artery |
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Term
| What are the 3 muscles of the transversospinal group? |
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Definition
| Multifidus, semispinalis, & rotatores |
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Term
| What are the function(s), insertion, orgin, nerve innervation, and artery that supplies the semispinalis capitis (transversospinal group) |
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Definition
Inferior attachments are the transverse processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae
Superior attachment is the occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines
The greater occipital nerve passes through semispinalis capitis
It extends and laterally bends the trunk and neck |
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Term
| What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle and what border of the triangle are they? |
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Definition
Obliquus capitis inferior muscle - inferior boundary
Rectus capitis posterior major muscle - medial boundary
Obliquus capitis superior muscle - lateral boundary |
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Term
| What are the muscles of the suboccipital triangle? What nerve supplies motor innervation to the muscles of the subocciptal region? What artery supplies the suboccipital region? |
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Definition
Obliquus capitis superior
Rectus capitis posterior major
Obliquus capitis inferior
Suboccipital nerve supplies motor innervation
Vertebral artery supplies the suboccipital region |
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Term
| The suboccipital nerve is the only dorsal ramus to what? |
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Definition
| The suboccipital nerve is the only dorsal ramus that has no cutaneous distribution |
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Term
| The spinal cord is protected by the what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the spinal cord typically end in an adult? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is cervical enlargment? |
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Definition
| The enlargement of the spinal cord at segments C4-T1 |
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Term
| Define lumbar enlargement |
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Definition
| Enlargement in the diameter of the spinal cord at segments L2-S3 |
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Term
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? How many are in each region (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal) |
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Definition
31 pairs total
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal |
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Term
| What does ligamenta flava do? |
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Definition
| Ligamenta flava connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae |
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Term
| The removing of the laminae is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The vertebral venous plexuses is unique how? |
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Definition
| The veins in the vertebral venous plexuses are valveless; permitting blood flow superiorly or inferiorly depending on BP gradients |
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Term
| What does the subarachnoid space hold? |
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Definition
| The subarachnoid space contains the cerebrospinal fluid |
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Term
| What is the medullary cone? |
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Definition
| The medullary cone is the end of the spinal cord located between L1-L2 |
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Term
| How many and what is a denticulate ligament? |
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Definition
The pia matter forms two denticulate ligaments, one on each side of the spinal cord
Each ligament has 21 teeth and each tooth is attached to the inner surface of the dura matter, anchoring the spinal cord |
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Term
| Spinal nerves are formed where? |
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Definition
| Spinal nerves are formed outside of the vertebral canal at the point where the dorsal and ventral roots join one another |
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Term
| Why is a lumbar puncture appropriate at around L4? |
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Definition
| You can remove the cerebrospinal fluid with the danger of penetrating the spinal cord, because the spinal cord ends around L2 |
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