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BIOS 2110: Principles of Biology
p608-614 Notes
15
Biology
Undergraduate 1
03/08/2011

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Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition
Supporting the trunk of the body. Consists of the skull, enclosing and protecting the brain; the vertebral column (backbone) enclosing the spinal cord and a rib cage around the lungs and heart.
Term
Backbone
Definition
definitive characteristic of vertebrates, consists of a series of individual bones (the vertebrae) joined by pads of tough cartilage known as discs
Term
Appendicular Skeleton
Definition
bones of the appendages and the bones that anchor the appendages to the axial skeleton
Term
Yellow Bone Marrow
Definition
mostly stored fat brought into the bone by the blood.
Term
Red bone marrow
Definition
A specialized tissue that produces our blood cells
Term
Osteoporosis
Definition
characterized by low bone mass and structural deteriorating of bone tissue
Term
Ligaments
Definition
hold together the bones of movable joints
Term
Ball-and-socket joints
Definition
enable us to rotate our arms and legs and move them in several planes
Term
Hinge joints
Definition
permit movement in a single plane
Term
Pivot joint
Definition
enables us to rotate, enable us to make precise manipulations
Term
Muscle Fibers
Definition
oriented parallel to each other
Each is a single long cylindrical cell that has many nuclei
Term
Myofibrils
Definition
discrete bundles of proteins that include the contractile protiens
Term
Actin and Myosin
Definition
Contractile proteins
Term
Thin filaments
Definition
composed primarily of actin molecules
Term
Thick filaments
Definition
Made up of myosin molecules
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