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least specialized plant cells; thin and somewhat flexible cell walls; living at maturity; carry on most of the plant's metabolic functions; generally have a large central vacuole most parenchyma cells have the ability to differentiate into other cell types under special conditions |
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thicker primary walls living at maturity role in support of herbaceous plants (strings of celery) |
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Thick secondary cell walls dead at functional maturity cannot increase in length-- occur in parts of the plant which have quit growing in length two types- fibers and sclerids |
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| long, slender cells with a more or less regular secondary cell wall (hemp for rope) |
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shorter cells with an irregular shape (stone cells in pears and hard nut and seed shells) |
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-involved in conduct of water and ions in the plant -typically composed of non-living conductive cells and living parenchyma cells -dead at functional maturity -also dist. throughout the tracheids & vessel elements two types of conductive cells: tracheids and vessels |
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| long, slender cells connected to each other by pits. found in all vascular plants |
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shorter, larger diameter cells (than tracheids) with completely perforated cell wall ends. found only in angeosperms |
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-transport of sucrose, other orgo compounds, and some ions -conductive cells living at functional maturity -endwalls connect to each other via sieve-plates -two types of conductive cells inthe phloem: sieve tube members and companion cells -sclerenchuma tissue also associated. |
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| acutal conduit for sucrose support |
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| has a nucleus that may also control the sieve-tube element and may aid in sucrose loading |
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generally a single layer of cells the skin of the plant primarily parenchyma cells main role is protection of the plant |
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| makes up the bulk of the plant |
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floral arrangement: 3's leaf: parallel vasc. bundles: scattered habit: herbaceous root: fibrous growth: primary only i.e. grass palm orchid lily |
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floral: 4s and 5s leaf: net vasc. bundle: ring habit: herbaceous + woody roots: taproot growth: primary and secondary examples: oaks, roses and sunflowers |
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underground anchor the plant in the soil absorb water and nutirents conduct water and nutrients food storage |
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above ground elevates plant above soil many funcitons including: photosyn, repro and dispersal, food and water conduction includes leaves and reproductive organs. |
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