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| The branch of psychology in which the biological foundations, emotions, and mental processes are studied. |
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| A philosophical perspective put forward by René Descartes in which the body is mechanistic, whereas the mind is separate and nonphysical. |
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| A philosophical perspective characteristic of the neurosciences in which the mind is viewed as the product of activity on the brain and nervous system. |
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| The pseudoscientific notion that skull contours indicate personality and character traits. |
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| The study of cells and tissues on the microscopic level. |
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| A device used to make very thin slices of tissue for histology. |
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| A stain developed by Camillo Golgi used to observe single neurons. |
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| A stain used to view populations of cell bodies. |
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| A stain used to trace neural pathways. |
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| A stain used to trace axon pathways from their terminals to points of origin. |
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| The examination of body tissues following death. |
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| Computerized Tomography (CT) |
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| An imaging technology in which computers are used to enhance X-ray images. |
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| Positron Emmission Tomography (PET) |
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Definition
| An imaging technique that provides information regarding the localization of brain activity. |
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| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
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| An imaging technique that provides very high resolution structural images. |
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| Short for "volume pixel." A pixel is the smallest distinguishable square part of a two-dimensional image. A voxel is the smallest distinguishable box-shaped part of a three-dimensional image. |
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| A technology using a series of MRI images taken 1 to 4 seconds apart in order to assess the activity of the brain. |
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| Electroencephalogram (EEG) |
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Definition
| A technology for studying the activity of the brain through recordings from electrodes placed on the scalp. |
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| An alteration in the EEG recording produced in response to the application of a particular stimulus. |
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| Magnetoencephalography (MEG) |
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| A technology for recording the magnetic output of the brain. |
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| Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) |
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| A technique for stimulating the cortex at regular intervals by applying a magnetic pulse through a wire coil encased in plastic and placed on the scalp. |
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| Pathological or traumatic damage to tissue. |
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| The surgical removal of tissue. |
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| A technique for assessing the chemical composition of a very small area of the brain. |
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| The amount of variability of a trait in a population that is due to genetics. |
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| Genes that take the place of normal genes but that fail to produce the specific protein produced by the normal genes. |
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| An undifferentiated cell that can divide and differentiate into other types of cells. |
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