after forced expiration, the amount remaining in the lungs of a healthy adult 

1200mL

vital capacity (definition)

4800mL

after maximal inspiration, the maximum amount expired from the lungs 

amount in mL?

____________=

Residual volume + maximum intake 

alimentary canal

and 

accessory organs 

alimentary canal (definition)

& organs it contains 

secrete many important substances necessary for digestion. 

these organs do not come into direct contact with food. 

examples: salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

They simply do not need it! . The bile flows directly from the liver through the (hepatic) bile duct into the small intestine, and in turn, their bile comes from the liver. their liver's are large. One less organ means one less thing the rat needs to supply energy to!

(thank you yahoo answers!) 

two arteries and one vein 

makes up the... 

renal sinus

& what it contains  

a cavity within the kidney which s occupied by :

• renal pelvis
• renal calices
• blood vessels
• nerves
• fat

hilus 

(of the kidney)

conjunctivitis

of the conjunctiva

AKA Pink eye

inflammation of the ________ which can become red and swollen producing a watery and pus containing discharge. there is usually no damage to vision with this condition 

caused by an abnormal corneal curvature that resembles the shape of a football rather than that of a basketball. light rays focus at different places depending on their orientation, and objects appear blurred. 

may be companied by myopia or hyperopia. 

used to measure visual acuity 

the chart displays letters of progressively smaller size 

Normal vision 

20/20 

near sighted 

20/40 

the test subject sees at 20 feet what a normal person sees at 40 feet. 

the test subject can see objects at 20 feet that a person with normal vision can only see at 15 feet. 

far sighted 

drains the interstitial fluid throughout the body and destroys bacteria

this system collapses when an animal dies so it is not seen in our gross rats 

tonsils 

spleen 

thymus 

hypertrophy and fibrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue 

results from long standing obstruction of the lymphatic vessels. 

infection begins with a filarial roundworm transferred to humans by mosquito bites. adult worms lodge in lymphatic vessels and block lymph flow. this progresses to a secondary bacterial infection combined with a fungal infection. 

• oral cavity
• tongue
• large intestine
• pharynx
• esophagus
• stomach
• small intestine 

3600 ml 

inspiratory reserve (3100 ml) + tidal volume (500 ml)

maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after max insiration . 

add everything except Residual volume 

4800mL

2400 mL 

expiratory reserve volume (1200 ml) + Residual volume (1200 ml)

a branch of coronary artery is contained in it

it separates the left and right ventricles

three in the right ventricle, two in the left, five total. 

thanks wikipedia. 

tendons linking the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve in the right ventricle and the mitral valve in the left ventricle. As the papillary muscles contract and relax, they transmit the resulting increase and decrease in tension to the respective valves, causing them to open and close. They are string-like in appearance and are sometimes referred to as "heart strings."

gotta love google. 

Thymus (T cells differentiate)

Bone marrow (where B cells differentiate)