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| All of the environments on Earth that support life -- most regions of land, bodies of water, and the lower atmosphere. |
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| All of the organisms living in a particular area, as well as the nonliving, physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water, and sunlight. |
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| The entire array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem. |
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| All of the individuals of a species living in a specified area. |
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| An individual living thing. |
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| A system that consists of several organs that work together in performing specific functions. |
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| A structure consisting of several tissues adapted as a group to perform specific functions. |
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| An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both. |
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| A basic unit of living matter separated from its environment by a plasma membrane; the fundamental structural unit of life. |
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| A membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell. |
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| A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
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| An organism that obtains its food by eating plants or by eating animals that eat plants. |
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| An organism that makes organic food molecules from carbon dioxide, water, and other inorganic raw materials, such as a plant. |
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| New properties that emerges with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases. |
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| An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems. |
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| A type of cell that has a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles. All organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed of eukaryotic cells. |
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| A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles. |
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