Term
| Socrates, Plato, Aristotle |
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Definition
- Socrates - Method of inquiry reformulate questions. Father of Western Philosphy.
- Plato - Founder of 1st institution of higher learning and epistemology.
- Aristotle - Applied logical reasoning/theoretical philosophy to the study of sciences for causuality.
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Term
| Logical Sequence of Science |
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Definition
- Question - observe natural world
- Hypothesis - Prediction inference based on observation
- Theory - conclusion that is supported after repeated testing, which acts as evidence
- Paradigm - framework pf discipline within which hypotheses are formulated/tested. Accepted understanding
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Term
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Definition
- Cellular organization - one or mroe complex cells
- Metabolism - consume enrgy, expel waste
- Homeostasis - maintaining internal chemistry despite external conditioning
- Reproduction - remake own kind w/ DNA
- Adaption - species evolve over time, facilitates survival
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Term
| Basic Organization of Life |
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Definition
- Subatomic
- Atom
- Molecule
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organism
- Population
- Community
- Ecosystem
- Biosphere
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Term
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Definition
- Theorized by Niels Bohr
- Positively charged protons and neutral neutrons in the nucleus
- Negatively charged electrons orbiting the atom in a cloud
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Term
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Definition
- Born in Greece 500 BC
- Leucippus and Democritus theorized: all matter was made up of tiny indivisble particles called "atomos"
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Term
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Definition
- Anything that takes up space and has mass
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Term
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Definition
- Isotope - atoms must have a certain number of protons to retainthe characteristics of that element, but can change its neutrons as a result of cosmic radiation.
- Atomic Number - # of protons
- Atomic Mass/Weight - # of protons and neutrons
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Term
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Definition
- Ratio of carbon 14 to carbon 12
- Cannot test anything past 60,000 years
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Term
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Definition
- uses isotopes of other elements which have a longer half life
- Potassium/argon, Argon/Argon, Uranium/Uranium
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Term
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Definition
- Number of electrons in the valence of an atom dictates the reactivity
- Usually matches the number of protons
- Cation - electron is lost and atom gains a charge
- Anion - electron is gained and atom has a negative charge
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Term
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Definition
- Ionic - atoms held together by electrostatic attraction; cation + anion.
- Involves complete transfer of electrons from one atom to antother
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Term
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Definition
- Chemical bonds formed between two atoms by sharing electrons
- strength of bond increases w/ the number of shared electrons
- Strong
- can be polar
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Term
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Definition
- One atom strongly attracts an electron more strongly than other atom (unequal sharing)
- Molecule still electrically neutral but has charged parts
- One end is positive, the other is negative
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Term
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Definition
- Occur when the H+ atom of one polar molecule is attracted (-) of another molecule
- Individually weak but strong altogether
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Term
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Definition
- Polar Molecule
- Resistant to vaporization
- High polarity
- High specific heat
- Cohesion/Adhesion
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Term
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Definition
- All about Hydrogen Ions
- Acids - 0-6.9, have high hydrogen potential, dissociate water and donate h+ ions
- Bases/Alkali - 7.1-14, have low hydrogen potential
- Buffer - accepting or donating H+ ions
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Term
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Definition
- Monomer
- Polymer
- Organic molecules are the backbone of this
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Term
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Definition
- Genetic code for DNA
- reads genetic code
- Cellular energy ala ATP
- Monomers are nucleotides: 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
- used for cellular energy (ADP and ATP)
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Term
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Definition
- Most abundant molecule
- Monomer is an amino acid. Long chains of amino acids are peptide bonds
- Primary structure - AA sequence
- Secondary Structure - Hydrogen bond between AA
- Tertiary Structure - 3D strcuture of peptide
- Quarternary structure - several polypeptide
- Serves to Support (keratin), Structure (collagen), Motion (Action/Myosin), Enyzme (lysozyme), transport (hemoglobin), Defense (immune), Regulatory (insulin)
- Extreme changes in pH and temp. can cause denaturation
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Term
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Definition
- Short term energy storage and structural framework of cells
- Simple carbs: monosaccharides and disaccharides; most important energy source. IE fruits, milk, veggies
- Complex carbs: storage polysaccharides (intermediate duration enrgy storage)
- Complex carbs are NOT water soluble, but simple are.
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Term
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Definition
- Made from fatty acids which are composed of hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end
- Non-polar and not water soluble
- Types: Triglycerides (saturated, trans fat and unsaturated), diglycerides/phospholipids (cell membrane), monoglycerides/steroids (hormones and cholesterol)
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