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animal structures with a common structural them. (forlegs, wings, flippers) |
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molecules, in living things, which contain carbon. |
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used for energy storage(glucose and/or starch) |
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used as enzymes, hormones & structural molecules; made of chains of amino acids. |
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used as energy storage, and as hormones (fats, oils, wax) |
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the genetic material of the cell (DNA & RNA) |
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- All living things are composed of cells.
- Cells are the basic unit of life.
- All cells come from preexisting cells.
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composed of fluid-like phospholipid bilayer. |
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outside of cell membrane in some organisms. Composed of carbohydrate. |
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material outside the nucleus |
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complex cellular organization, larger than prokaryotics, and have membrane bound organelles. |
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bacterica; simpler cellular organization with no nucleus or other membrane bound organelles (no ribosomes) |
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series of chemical reactions involved in storing or releasing energy, much of this through the use of enzymes. |
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| Adensosine triphosphate (ATP) |
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Definition
a high-energy molecule that is used by cells. Energy is released by the breaking phosphate bonds in______. |
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sunlight energy is captured by chlorohyll and converted into sugars (glucose).
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| study of the interactions among organisms in ecosystems. |
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inherited characteristics (enhance an organism's survival & in its environment.) |
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what an animal does and how it does it. |
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- Takes place in stroma
- Use ATp & NADPH to convert CO2 to the sugar G3P.
- Returns ADP & NADP+ to light rxn.
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| gluscose is broken down in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, and cytoplasm of prokaryotes, to produce ATP. |
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| no energy to move substances. |
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| diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane (high to low concentration) |
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| movement from an area of high to low concentration. |
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energy (ATP) is used to move substances from low to high concentration
(moves against concentration gradient) |
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| division of nuclear material |
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- Interphase
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
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reduces chromosome # by half and results in new genetic combinations in gametes.
To insure proper chromosomal # in the zygote (fertilized egg) |
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| discovered basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in planned experiments. |
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two alleles for a character are packaged into separate gametes.
(Developed by Mendel) |
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more than two alleles for a gene are found with a population.
(blood type) |
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| genes located on the sex chromosomes. |
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| List 4 nitrogen bases in DNA |
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Definition
- Adenine
- Thymine
- Guanine
- Cytosine
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RNA consists of Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and
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- mRNA (messenger RNA)
- tRNA (transfer RNA)
- rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
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mRNA-contains instructions for building proteins
tRNA-connects amino acids together during translation.
rRNA-makes up a ribosome |
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| DNA is copied from other DNA... |
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an accident of meiosis or mitosis, in which the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes fail to move apart properly. |
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mRNA is copied from DNA, by unzipping a portion of the DNA. RNA polymerase adds nucleotides of RNA with the proper bases.
(Adenine with Uracil & Cytosine with Guanine) |
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| proteins are synthesized from mRNA by ribosomes and instruct tRNA to bring specific amino acids. |
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| any random, permanent change in the Dna molecule. |
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| List the Levels of Classification |
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1 Domain 5 Order
2 Kingdom 6 Family
3 Phylum 7 Genus
4 Class 8 Species |
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produce their own food through photosynthesis or through chemosynthesis.
(Autotrophs) |
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| eact material that is made by producers, or other consumers. (heterotrophs) |
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| break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil. |
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smaller organisms are eaten by larger organisms, who in turn are eaten by even larger organisms.
(grass>mouse>snake>hawk) |
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a more accurate view that accounts for the fact that many organisms will eat a large variety of other organisms forming an interconnected web.
(intertwined food chains) |
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| all of the organisms of a single species in a given area. |
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| all of the organisms of all the different species in a given area. |
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| All of living and non-living things in a given area. |
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| an iteraction between species in which one species, the predator, eats the other, the prey. |
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| a symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont or parasite benefits at the expense of the host. |
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| symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the host is neither helped or harmed. |
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| a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit. |
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| outer layer of flattened cells that secrete protective waxy layer (cuticle) |
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