Term
| List 6 characteristics of life |
|
Definition
Order
Regulation
Growth and Development
Uses energy
Responds to the environment
Reproduces
Evolutionary adaptation |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Major Difference Between All Living Things |
|
Definition
| The major difference is the variations in DNA sequences in all living things |
|
|
Term
Briefly describe the Domains of Life. |
|
Definition
Bacteria: very diverse, all prokaryotes, most are autotrophs. Example is E. Coli and MRSA
Archaea: Extromophiles and Autotrophs but not all, prokaryotes. Ex. blind crab, tube worms
Eukarya: 4 Kingdoms, all eukaryotes. Hetero and autotrophic. Ex. Bonobos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Protista: Mostly single celled organisms. Not really a kingdom. Intracellular parasites. Euk and Auto. Ex Mosquito giving malaria
Plantae: cells have cell walls. generally autotrophs. Uses photosynthesis. Ex. Rose
Fungi: Extracellular digestion. ALL are heterotroph. Human Pathogens, most opportunistic. Ex. Is Candida Albicans (yeast infection, thrush). Some bacteria are beneficial like Penicillum
Animalia: Invertebrates and Vertebrates. No cell walls. All heterotrophs. Ex. Cheetah
|
|
|
Term
| Describe the structure and activity of a virus |
|
Definition
The Viral DNA strand with just a few genes that is surrounded by a protein (key) attaches to a cell membrane by way of a Protein Receptor (a lock) and the lock opens and the Virus breaks into the cell. The cell then takes over and takes the Virus DNA and pulls it in. The DNA is now inside the nucleus and the cell reproduces because that is what it is made to do. The cell then makes more cells with the Virus DNA (becomes a virus factory). The cell fills up with viruses and escape and infect even more cells. |
|
|
Term
| Why is it considered to be non-living |
|
Definition
*they are non cellular
*they require a host
*they do not use energy |
|
|
Term
| What characteristic of live that viruses have that create problem. Explain. |
|
Definition
| Because they insert themselves into living organism and make the cell reproduce witht the virus DNA. Evolves constantly. |
|
|
Term
| Why is evolution considered the foundational principle of biology? |
|
Definition
Life survives through adaptation and evolving constantly. |
|
|
Term
| What is Natural Selection |
|
Definition
| There is an environment. Animals reproduce with genes that necessary for the environment. When environment changes, the animal with the best characteristics of that environment survives and the rest die off. The surviving animals then reproduce. |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship of natural selection to evolution. |
|
Definition
| The relationship is that natural selection is the driving force to evolution. Natural selection starts the process of evolution and evolution is the actual change. |
|
|
Term
| Define and explain the concept of theory |
|
Definition
| Based on a hypothesis backed up with evidence. A theory is a concept or idea that is testable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Invitro Fertilization. Take the egg from the womb of a woman and inject sperm cells with the certain genetics that you want. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis. |
|
|
Term
| What is controversial to PGD |
|
Definition
| It can be used to detect lethal genetic disorders and the sex of the embryo. |
|
|
Term
| What else would PGD be used for? |
|
Definition
| Finding out about the sex |
|
|
Term
| Describe the structure of an atom |
|
Definition
@ parts, Nucleus and shell(s)
Electrons, protons, neutrons. The building blocks of everything. |
|
|
Term
| Explain why atoms interact with other atoms |
|
Definition
| By bonding with other atoms. Some atoms don't have a full shell so atoms without full shells become attracted to each other to fill in the shells. |
|
|
Term
| What is a covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bond |
|
Definition
Covalent: they share electrons in an equal amount
Ionic: Gives away or takes
Hydrogen: A hydrogen bond is the attractive force between the hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom of one molecule and an electronegative atom of a different molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A polar covalent bond is a bond between two non-metals with different electronegativities |
|
|
Term
| Polar Covalent bonds are important to Life why? |
|
Definition
| Polar covalent bonds produce the charge that creates the hydrogen bond and the hydrogen bond is what keeps DNA together which creates life. Strong bonds are solid and weak bonds are wiggly |
|
|
Term
| What ultimately is the key to all of water’s amazing properties? Explain |
|
Definition
| Versatility, can be all 3 types of matter, solvent, and cohesive |
|
|
Term
| Describe 3 properties of water important to life |
|
Definition
High capacity to absorb heat
Cohesion and adhesion
Universal solvent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls, so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions |
|
|
Term
| Describe 2 homeostatic mechanisms related to properties of water. Be specific |
|
Definition
Sweating, water is a buffer to temperature change
Kidneys: uses water to regulate blood water levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acid: a compound that adds hydrogen ions to a solution
Base: a compound that removes hydrogen ions from a solution. |
|
|
Term
| How is acidity measured. Explain. |
|
Definition
By pH levels.
1. The pH scale goes from 0 (acid) to 14 (base)
2. Neutral solutions are pH 7
3. The pH scale changes by powers of 10, with each greater value being 10 times less acidic or 19 times more basic than the previous water. |
|
|
Term
| Explain how acidity is controlled |
|
Definition
| Acidity is controlled when hydrogen ions are added to other types of bases such as bicarbonate. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the similarities and differences between the basic structures and functions of monosaccharides and fatty acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What the hell is a Lipid? |
|
Definition
| Lipids are diverse compounds that are grouped together because they share one trait: they don't mix with water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Made up two fatty acids and a phosphate group.
Used in the cell membranes of every cell in every animal
Good kind of lipids, don't block arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Comprised of four connecting carbon rings and a functional group that determines which steroid molecule it is.
Creates hormones
Cholesterol is a steroid molecule that creates testosterone and estrogen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Made up of three fatty acid molecules and a glycerol molecule.
The typical fat molecules
Formed from an excess of glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
colorless, odorless, viscous liquid.
Three hydroxyl groups that are responsible for its solubility in water and its hygroscopic nature.
The glycerol backbone is central to all lipids known as triglycerides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Formed by glycerol and fatty acids
Three hydroxyl functional groups
-monoglycerides
-diglycercides
-triglycerides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Forms the backbone of all biomolecules
Carbon is in all living things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Found the Structure of amino acids
Double Helix
Covalent Bonds
Importance of shape to proteins |
|
|
