Term
|
Definition
1. Every living organism is made of cells.
2. Cells are building units of life.
3. All cells arise from other cells. |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of All Cells |
|
Definition
1. Plasma membrane encloses the cell.
2. Cytoplasm fills the cell.
3. DNA encodes the instructions for making the cell.
4. Energy is transferred into the cell from the environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Prokaryotes
2. Eukaryotes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No nucleus (before nucleus), 2 domains - bacteria and archaea, very small |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Has a nucleus (true nucleus), 4 domains - animal, plant, fungi, and protist |
|
|
Term
| Eukaryotic Animal Cell Surface Structures |
|
Definition
1. plasma membrane
2. cilia & flagella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extensions of the plasma membrane that are supported by microtubules / role of movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One long extension (ex. sperm), move whole cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Many short extensions (ex. tricia), move surrounding materials |
|
|
Term
| Eukaryotic Animal Cell Genetic Material |
|
Definition
| -Nuclear envelope encloses genetic material / double membrane, full of nuclear pores composed of proteins that regulate what gets in and what gets out of the nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LInear, chromosomes / chromatin fills the nucleus composed of the blueprint for our genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Synthesizes ribosomes / composed of proteins and ribosomal RNA |
|
|
Term
| Eukaryotic Animal Cell Cytoplasmic Structure |
|
Definition
Cytoskeleton
Membrane compartments
Mitochondria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Components are intermediate filament, microfilaments, and microtubules.
Functions = structure (intermediate filaments), cell movement (microtubules and microfilaments), movement of organelles and molecules (microtubules and microfilaments) and cell division.
Organelle = centriole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two units of microfilaments and splits during cell division, gives rise to cilia and/or flagellum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(ER) composed of a rough labyrinth of ribosomes.
Function = protein synthesis, protein folding, and export to Golgi Apparatus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Imports proteins from the ER, modify, sort, an package proteins for export. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. Ribosomes & RNA>Rough ER>2. Antibody protein is synthesized>3. packaged into ventricles>4. export vesicles>5. Vesicles fuse with Golgi>6. ad carbohydrate>7. Mature protein packaged into vesicle>8. Travel along microtubules>9. Fuse with plasma membrane (release protein outside the cell and absorbed into the blood stream) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Endosymbiont hypothesis
Function=convert energy in food into ATP energy
Composed of DNA, ribosomes, enzymes for ATP synthesis, double membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mitochondria are derived from prokaryotic cells engulfed by larger cells with both cells becoming dependent on he other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cytoplasmic structures in plants but not animals: chloroplasts, plastids, and central vacuole
-Cell surface structure in plants but not animals: cell wall
-Nuclear characteristics same as animal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Share features with mitochondria, use sun energy, use ribosomes, amek protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Share features with mitochondria, use sun energy, use ribosomes, amek protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Water balance, water storage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic Cells Cell Surface Characterisitcs |
|
Definition
Plasma Membrane
Cell Wall
Outer capsule or slime
Flagella
Pili |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lipids, regulates what gets in and out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Cocci - spherical
2. Bacilli - rod shaped
3. Spirella - spiral shaped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made of proteins or polysaccharides / biofilm / effective in blocking antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NO cilia / proteins from at the base to provide cell movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protein extensions on the outermost surface |
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic Cells Characteristics of Genetic Material |
|
Definition
-Nucleoid = contains the DNA contained in a single circular chromosome
-Plasmids = small rings of DNA, carry additional genes |
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic Cells Cytoplasmic Structures |
|
Definition
| No membrane bound organelles / ribosomes and food granules / extra membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Do prokaryotes have hydrophobic membrane proteins? |
|
|
Term
| How Prokaryotes Affect our LIves |
|
Definition
| Digestive track, synthesize vitamins, food production, recycling waste,and disease |
|
|
