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| the female gametophyte produced by the megaspore of a plant that produces both microspore and megaspores (heterosporous) |
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| The male gametophyte that develops from the microspores of heterosporous plants. The pollen grains of gymnosperms and angiosperms are microgametophytes |
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| when a colony or large group of honey bees abruptly disappear, it's still not completely understood why the worker bees disappear |
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| Nutritive tissue in an angiosperm seed/ seeds of flowering plants |
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| he embryonic shoot above the cotyledons. In most plants the epicotyl will eventually develop into the stem and the leaves of the plant. |
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| part of a germinating seedling of a seed plant. |
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| significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant. Upon germination, the cotyledon may become the embryonic first leaves of a seedling. The number of cotyledons present is one characteristic used by botanists to classify the flowering plants (angiosperms) |
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| orients certain parts of the plant in the direction that will maximize the amount of light intercepted by its photosynthetic cells. |
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| Stolons are horizontal stems which grow at the soil surface or below ground. They form new plants at the ends or at the nodes. Stolons are often called runners. Imprecisely they are stems that run atop or just under the ground |
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| a group of organisms of the same species who live in a specific location and breed with one another more often than they breed with members of other populations |
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| a group of different species/populations inhabiting a particular geographic region |
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| made up of communities and their abiotic environment, it's a manageably small unit of the environment with more or less fixed boundries |
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| position of an organism on the food chain -- producers, herbivores, carnivores |
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| organisms thats capture energy and make their own food from inorganic materials in the environment |
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| consumers obtain energy by feeding on the producers or on other consumer, they are one above the producers but they are not on top of the food chain |
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| consumers obtain energy by feeding on the producers or on other consumer, they are one above the producers but the |
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autotroph - organism that makes its own food using carbon from inorganic molecules such as CO2 and energy from the environment.
Heterotroph- organism that obtains energy and carbon from organic compounds assembled by other organisms |
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| new species will come in and replace the pioneer species eventually establishing a stable community-- it is a stable, self perpetuating array of species in equilibrium with each other and its environment |
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| opportunistic species that will colonize vacant or vacated habitats |
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| Autotrophic microorganisms, including many varieties of archaea and bacteria, which are able to synthesize all of the organic compounds they need from inorganic raw materials in the absence of sunlight. |
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| An organism, typically a plant, obtaining energy from sunlight as its source of energy to convert inorganic materials into organic materials |
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| An animal that consumes herbaceous vegetation. Any animal that feeds chiefly on grass and other plants; |
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| An animal or planhat requires a staple diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue through predation or scavenging. |
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| An animal or planhat requires a staple diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue through predation or scavenging. |
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| An animal that feeds on both plants and animals to survive. |
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| An organism that feeds on undissolved organic or inorganic matter or organic waste |
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| An animal (such as a vulture or coyote) that eats carcasses abandoned by predators, digs through trash cans for food, etc., true scavengers seldom kill their own prey |
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| conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonia |
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| the conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonium (NH4+) by the action of decomposers (bacteria). |
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| The conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas which is then released into the atmosphere. This is caused by bacteria and how they obtain their energy. |
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| The chemical process in which a nitro group is added to an organic compound (or substituted for another group in an organic compound).The oxidation of ammonium compounds in dead organic material into nitrates and nitrites by soil bacteria |
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| the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. |
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The sulfurous gas in polluted air sometimes combines with rain to form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is a much stronger acid than carbonic acid, and may wear away rocks, metals and other substances very quickly.
aka acid rain |
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| A criteria air pollutant, produced from burning fossil fuels, including gasoline and coal. Nitrogen oxides react with volatile organic compounds to form smog. Nitrogen oxides are also major components of acid rain. |
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| a component of acid rain; corrosive; damages buildings, vehicle surfaces, crops, forests, and aquatic life. |
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| gasses in the environment emit and absorb radiation with thermal infrared range, hence the more green house gasses in the environment, the higher amount of infrared rays emitted, ultimately trapping heat and increasing the temperature of the eart |
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| water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and chlorofluorocarbons |
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