Term
|
Definition
| The study of interactions between different organisms and thier enviroment. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between abiotic and biotic factors? |
|
Definition
Abiotic=nonliving parts of enviroment
Biotic=all living organism in an enviroment |
|
|
Term
| Place the following terms in the correct order, from smallest to largest: organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere. |
|
Definition
| Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between camouflage and mimicry? |
|
Definition
| Camoflauge allows organism to blend in with enviroment and mimicry allows oranism to resmeble a different species. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a habitat and a niche? |
|
Definition
| A habitat is area where an organism lives and a niche is the role of an organism in its enviroment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Both organisms in relationship benefit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One organism benefits but the other organism is unaffected. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One organism is benefited but the other organism is harmed. |
|
|
Term
| Define autotroph.(example) |
|
Definition
| Organisms that make their own food for energy. Ex:? |
|
|
Term
| Define heterotroph.(example) |
|
Definition
| Organism that must feed on other organisms for energy. Ex:? |
|
|
Term
| Define carnivore.(example) |
|
Definition
| Organism that eat only other organisms. Ex:? |
|
|
Term
| Define herbivore.(example) |
|
Definition
| Organism that eats only plants. Ex:? |
|
|
Term
| Define omnivore.(example) |
|
Definition
| Organism that eats plants and animals. Ex:? |
|
|
Term
| Define scavenger.(example) |
|
Definition
| Organism that feeds of flesh of organism. Ex:? |
|
|
Term
| Define decomposer.(example) |
|
Definition
| Organism that breaks down and asorbs nutrients from dead organism. Ex:? |
|
|
Term
| Briefly describe the steps involved in the water cycle? |
|
Definition
| Has four steps which are water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and phospurus cycle. |
|
|
Term
| What is carrying capacity? |
|
Definition
| Largest number of an organism of a species an enviroment can hold. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between biogenesis and spontaneous generation. |
|
Definition
| Spontaneous is the belief that living comes from nonliving and biogenesis is belief that living comes from other living organisms. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the endosymbiotic theory. |
|
Definition
- Large anaerobic prokaryots ingest small aerobic prokaryots
- Over time aerobic prokaryot become mitochondria
- Aerobic prokaryot injest cynobacteria that forms into chloraplast
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Naturalist and credited for the theory of evolution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Variation that is different in individuals of the same species. |
|
|
Term
| What determines which variations are selected for or against? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Remains of life from earlyer times. *MOST IMPORTANT*(for evidence of evolution) |
|
|
Term
| Define homologous structures. |
|
Definition
| Parts with a common origin. |
|
|
Term
| Define vestigal structures. |
|
Definition
| Parts with no current function but functional in ancestors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Similar DNA sequences show close relationship. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of organism in early stages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduces variation in population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leads to rapid variation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of organisms that look alike and interbreed to produce fertile offspring. |
|
|
Term
| Name and describe the locations that lead to making of a new species. Be able to recognize differences. |
|
Definition
Geographical Isolation-seperated by physical barrier Ex:river
Behavoirl-difference in courtships ritual or dont respond to mating signals Ex:?
Temporal-species reproduce at different times of the year Ex:? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disease causing pathogen. |
|
|
Term
| What is a host cell? What are receptor sites? |
|
Definition
| A host cell is in order for a virus to reproduce and a recpetor site is when a virus wants to attach to a cell and recognizes the receptors. |
|
|
Term
| How are lytic and lysogenic cycles different? Which one is more harmful - lytic or lysogenic? |
|
Definition
| They are different because the lysogenic cycle is faster and infects cells more without them knowing and lysogenic is more harmful. |
|
|
Term
| What is a provirus and during which cycles does it form? |
|
Definition
| Viral DNA tha becomes part of a cell and lysogenic cycle. |
|
|
Term
| What is a retrovirus? What enzyme is used to make DNA from RNA in retrovirus? |
|
Definition
| Virus with RNA as its genetic material and reverse transcript enzymes. |
|
|
Term
| How are HIV and AIDs related. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trace the path of air as it moves thorugh the respitory system by placing the structures in order. |
|
Definition
- nose/mouth-cilia and mucus traps foreign materials
- pharynx-area comment food and air
- epiglotis-small flap preventing food from entering into the lungs
- larynx-voice box
- trachea-tube connecting pharynx to lungs
- bronchus-branching of trachea in lungs
- bronchioles-smaller branchers of bronchi through out lungs
- alveoli-sac of capillaries
|
|
|
Term
| How can humans fight viral infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do bacteria need in order for them to grow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are bacteria beneficial? |
|
Definition
| Fertilizer, medicine, food, industry. |
|
|
Term
| What is a zone of inhibition? |
|
Definition
| The area around paperdisks were no other microorganisms are showing. |
|
|
Term
| What is the functions of the nervous system? |
|
Definition
| Cordinates and controls body responses to internal and external enviroment. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the endocrine system? |
|
Definition
| Transmit chemical mesgs. to control growth development and metabolism. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the digestive system? |
|
Definition
| Breaks down food for energy and nutrients. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the ciculatory system? |
|
Definition
| Distributes oxygen and nutrients to cells in body. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the excretory system? |
|
Definition
| Removes waste, and maintains homeostasis. |
|
|
Term
| What are two major divisions of the nervous system? What structures are associated with each. |
|
Definition
CNS-Brain and spinal cord, relays, processes and anylyzes info
PNS-Carrys messages to and from CNS includes all nerves. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of cerebrum. |
|
Definition
| In charge of voluntary activities, senses, intell, and judgement. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the cerebellum? |
|
Definition
| Muscle cordination and balance. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function od the brain stem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the six major parts of a neuron? |
|
Definition
- Denprite
- cell body
- nucleus
- axon
- myelin sheath
- axon terminal
|
|
|
Term
| What is a synapse? How do impulses travel from neuron to neuron if they do not touch? |
|
Definition
Space between two neurons.
- neurotrans put into vesicles
- vesicle travels to synapse and release neurotransmitter
- receptors recognize neurotran continue impulse
|
|
|
Term
| Name the 3 types of neurons. |
|
Definition
- sensory neuron
- interneuron
- motor neuron
|
|
|
Term
| What structures are included in the integmuntary system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the five functins of the integumentary system. |
|
Definition
| Regulate body temp, senses, vitamins, removes wastes, protections of chemical damage. |
|
|
Term
| What is found in the epidermis. |
|
Definition
| Keratin protien, melanin. |
|
|
Term
| What is found in the dermis. |
|
Definition
| sebaceous, hair follicules. |
|
|
Term
| What is found in the subcutaneous layer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the common name of superclass agnatha. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe how negative feedback loops control the amount of hormone released. |
|
Definition
| Adjusts to changes inside and outside body. Maintains homeostasis. |
|
|
Term
| Where does light focus in 20/20 vision? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does light focus in nearsightness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does light focus in farsightedness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Put the following structures in order as light enters in the eye: cornea, lens, optic nerve, pupil, retina, rods and cones. |
|
Definition
| Cornea, pupil, lense, retina, rods, cones, optic nerve. |
|
|
Term
| Name the strucutres in order as soundwaves move through them. Identify section of ear and where the structure is found. |
|
Definition
- auditory canal(outer ear)-traps soundwaves
- eardrum(middle ear)-vibrates from soundwaves
- sochlea(inner ear)-coiled fluid-filled with nerve endings
- auditory canal(inner ear)-sends impulses to brain for interpreatation
|
|
|
Term
| What are the receptors for taste? What are the four taste sensations you can detect? |
|
Definition
| Taste buds. Sweat, salty, bitter, sour. |
|
|
Term
| What are receptors for smell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are five nonspecific defenses your body uses to fight disease/infections? |
|
Definition
| Fever, mucus membrane, interferons, *skin*(most important), inflamatory response. |
|
|
Term
| What is the scientific term for white blood cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between B-Cells and T-cells. |
|
Definition
| B cells are in humoral immunity and t-cells are in cell mediated immunity. |
|
|
Term
| Trace the pathway of waste material foune in the flood as it moves thorugh the excretory sytem. |
|
Definition
- Renal arterys-sends waste and nutrients in blood to kidney
- kidney-filters blood to remove waste
- nephron-filtering unit; collects wast to form urine
- Ureter-tube transfering urine
- Urinary bladder-stores urine
- Uretha tube-pass urine outside os body
|
|
|
Term
| For the digestive system, put the following structures in the correct order that food will pass. |
|
Definition
- mouth-teeth break down food into small bits.-saliva moistens food.
- esophagus-tube connecting mouth to stomach
- stomach-mechanicle strong muscle churns contents.-chemical gastric juices digest protien in food at PH
- small intestine-villi small finger like proj asorbing food.-absorption of nutrients end in small intestine
- large intestine- remaining water, minerals, and vitamins.-indigestible food pushed through as feces to rectum
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carrys O2 from lungs to body cells. |
|
|
Term
| Define white blood cells. |
|
Definition
| Defends body against diseases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell fragments that help otu blood clot. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large thick vessels, carry oxygenated blood away from heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large thick vessels, carry deoxygenated blood to heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tiny thin vessels, gases and nutrients diffude thorugh vessel walls into blood |
|
|
Term
| Trace the path of blood as it moves thorugh your heart by placing the following structures in order. |
|
Definition
- oxygenated blood enters pulminary veins
- left atrium
- left ventricle
- aorta-blood goes out of body ( gets oxygenated)
- Deoxygenated blood enters superior vena cava
- inferior vena cava
- right atrium
- right ventricle
- pulminary artery(blood sent lungs to get deoxygenated)
- oxygenated blood enters pulminary veins
|
|
|
Term
| What are the five functions of the skeletal system. |
|
Definition
| Protection, makes red blood cells, stores minerals, movemnet, structureand support. |
|
|
Term
| How many bones are in the human body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give an example of ball and socket. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give an example of gliding. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give an example of pivot. |
|
Definition
| Head and to 2 vertebrae, radius/ulna. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a ligament and a tendon? |
|
Definition
| A ligament connects bone to bone while a tendon connects muscle to bone. |
|
|
Term
| For the three types of muscles found in the human body, indicates where each is found and wether it is voluntary or involuntary. |
|
Definition
| Cardiac is found near the muscle/invluntary. Skeletal attaches and moves bones/voluntary. Smooth are internal organs and blood vessels/involuntary. |
|
|
Term
| What is the filament theory? Of the 2 protien filaments in a sacromere, which move and which do not move. |
|
Definition
| Actin filaments slide toward each other to center od each other and myosin filaments do not move. Actin do. |
|
|
Term
| Name the common name of class chondrichthyes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the common name of class osteichthyes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the advantage of swim bladder and operculum in fish? What class of fish has these features? |
|
Definition
| Controls depth by regulating amt of gas and osteichthyes. |
|
|
Term
| For the class amphibia, why are they still stuck to the water? |
|
Definition
| Because of there reproduction. |
|
|
Term
| In class reptilia, the evolution of what major structures allows them to live be completely land dwelling? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are scales an advantage. |
|
Definition
| Protection and protect gills. |
|
|
Term
| In class aves, what are the adaptations that enable them to fly? why is flight an advantage? |
|
Definition
| Hollow bones, wings, feathers. Finding food, migration, escaping predator. |
|
|
Term
| List the major characteristics for class mammalia. |
|
Definition
| Four chamber heart, reproducting, teeth, hair and fur, mammary glands. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between an ectotherm and an endotherm? |
|
Definition
| Ectotherms is cold blooded and endotherms are warm blooded. |
|
|
Term
| What have both gills and lungs for respiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who are first land dwellers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who were the first to have three chambered hearts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who have four chambered hearts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who have internal fertilization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who undergoes metamorphis? |
|
Definition
| Reptiles amphibians and fishes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the levels of classification in order from largest to smallest? |
|
Definition
- domain
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
|
|
|
Term
| What is a binomial nomenclature? |
|
Definition
| Two word using system using latin. |
|
|
Term
| What are the rules used for giving a scientific name to an organism? |
|
Definition
- use genus and species name
- only first letter of first word is capatalized
- name must be underlined or in italics to set it apart from other text
|
|
|
Term
| Describe each type of skeleton: |
|
Definition
Endoskeleton=structure is internal
exoskeleton=structual support is external
hydrostatic=no rigid structures for support |
|
|
Term
| How is an open circulatory system different from a closed circulatory system? |
|
Definition
| In open circulatory sytem blood is not always in vessels but in a closed circulatory sytem blood is always in vessels. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between bilateral symmetry and radial symmetry? Give an example of each type of symmetry? |
|
Definition
In a bilateral symmetry a single line divides body into two parts and in radial body parts repeat around center of body.
-Bilateral-worms
-radial-anemones |
|
|
