Term
| function of the plasma membrane |
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Definition
isolate the cell's content regulates the flow of materials inton and out of the cell allows interactions with other cells |
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cell wall (Function and present in) |
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Definition
prokaryotes and plant euks protects, supports the cell |
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present only in animal euks move cell through fluid or move fluid past cell surface |
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present in both euks and proks move cell through fluid |
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present in both euks and proks isolates cell contents from enviro regulates movement of materials into and out of cell communicates with other cells |
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both hydophilic and hydophobic that is how detergent works |
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encodes information needed to construct cell and control cellular activity composed of DNA in both proks and euks |
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contain and control use of DNA Proks-single and circular, no protein Euks- many, linear, with protein |
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membrane bound container for chromosomes present only in euks |
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Term
| Nuclear envelope/membrane |
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Definition
encloses nucleus; regulates movement of materials into and out of nucleus absent in proks |
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synthesizes ribosomes present in euks |
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"powerhouses" of the cell produce energy by aerobic metabolism present in euks only |
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perform photosynthesis only in plant euks |
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provide site of protein synthesis present in both euks and proks |
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Definition
synthesizes membrane components, proteins, and lipids present in euks |
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modifies and packages proteins and lipids; synthesizes some carbs generally will bond proteins with lipids or carbs present in euks |
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Term
lysosomes name a lysosomal disorder |
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Definition
contain intracellular digestive enzymes (garbage disposal) tay sachs- disolve own cells |
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Definition
present only in plant euks store food and pigments |
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Definition
contains water and wastes; provides turgor pressure to support cell present only in plant euks |
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| other vesicles and vacuoles |
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Definition
euks transport secretory products; contain food obtained through phagocytosis |
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gives shape and support to cell; positions and moves cell parts present in euks only microfilaments intermediate filaments microtubules |
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animal euks only produce microtubules of cilia and flagella, and those that form the spindle during animal cell division |
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Term
| bacteria cell wall is made of what |
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Definition
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| in bacteria, join bacterial cells together in preparation for the transfer of DNA |
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capsulated- usually pathogenic, firmly attached to bacteria slime layer- as on the teeth |
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Definition
| bacterial DNA that functions separately from the bacteria's main DNA; small circular, double-stranded |
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| the location of chromosomes in a prok cell |
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| proteins jutting outward from cell wall of bacteria |
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| phospholipid bilayer is the fluid part and there are proteins that constantly shift throughout |
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| proteins in the plasma membrane that have a carb group attached to the portion that is exposed on the outer membrane surface |
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| types of proteins within membrane |
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Definition
receptor recognition enzymatic attachment transport |
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Definition
| recognizes and binds to specific molecules; typically triggers a response by a cell (divide, metabolic rate increase) |
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Definition
| a protein the protrudes from the plasma membrane that identifies a cell as belonging to a particular species... |
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Definition
| attached to the inner surfaces of membranes that promote chemical reactions |
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Definition
| anchor cell membrane in various ways; either internally attaches (cytoskeleton) or attaches externally or forms junctions |
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Term
transport proteins two kinds |
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Definition
regulate the movement of hydophilic molecules through the plasma membrane channel protein-form channels whose central pores allow specific ions or water molecules pass carrier proteins- have binding sites that temporarily attach to specific molecules on one side, protein changes shape, then the molecule moves across |
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Definition
| a substance whose molecules move freely past one another |
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| a substance that can be dissolved in a solvent |
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Definition
| a fluid capable of dissolving the solute, water is the universal solvent |
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| measurement of the number of molecules of substance contained in a given volume of fluid; concentration of a substance defines the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent |
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| physical difference in properties such as temp, pressure, electrical charge |
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Definition
| random movements produce a net movement of molecules from regions of high conc to regions of low conc |
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passive transport energy requiring transport |
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Term
passive transport three kinds |
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Definition
diffusion across a membrane down a gradient; does not require energy simple diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis |
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Definition
| diffusion of water, dissolved gases, or lipid soluble molecules through the phospholipid bilayer of a membrane |
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Definition
| diffusion of water, ions, water soluble molecules through a membrane via a channel of carrier protein |
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Definition
| diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher free water conc to a region of lower free water conc |
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Term
| energy-requiring transport |
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Definition
| movement of substances into or out of a cell using cellular energy, usually ATP |
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Definition
| movement of individual small molecules or ions against their conc gradient though membrane- spanning porteins |
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| movement of large particles, including large molceule or entire microorganisms into a cell; occurs as the plasma membrane engulfs the particle in a membrane |
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pinocytosis- creates dimple, engulfs receptor mediated- creates receptor pits, then engulfs phagocytosis- mouth is created, then engulfs |
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| movement of materials out of a cell, opposite of endocytosis |
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