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| Came up with the Cell Theory. Defined that cells come from preexisting cells |
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| High to low concentration within the gradient |
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| Cl- , K+ , Na+. ons. Can they pass? |
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| Glucose and sucrose. Large, uncharged polar molecules. Can they pass? |
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| H2o and Glycerol. Small,uncharged polar molecules. Can they pass? |
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| o2, Co2, N2. Small non polar molecules. Can they pass? |
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| TRUE OR FALSE: Higher permeable molecules are more likely to get through the bilayer. |
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| Prefix that means "ion concentration" |
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| Internal cell structures (often membrane-bound) that serve as the "little organs" of cells that allow them to survive and reproduce. They are found extensively in eukaryotic cells. |
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| Contains almost all of the genetic information of the cell. Surrounded by nuclear envelope. |
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| Double membrane that allows communication through nuclear pores |
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| An extensive network of channels connoted to the plasma membrane, the nuclear envelope, and certain organelles |
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| Contains ribosomes that guide the production of proteins and is studded with ribosomes |
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| Lacks ribosomes and is involved in the production of phospholipids and detoxification |
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| Consists of series of interconnected, flattened membranous sacs. Cell products are packaged in vesicles and transferred to the Golgi complex for processing and packaging |
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| Contain enzymes that break down macromolecules, old organelles, and invaders |
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| Sites of cellular respiration. Provide cell with energy through the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP. Double-membrane organelle. Contains inner foldings that provide increased membrane surface for cellular respiration |
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| Inner foldings in mitochondria to increase surface area |
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| Provides shape and support for the cell and is composed of microtubules (thickest), intermediate filaments, and microfilaments (thinnest) |
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| Filaments that tend to be more permanent. Protein composition varies from one type of cell to another. Rope-like fibers that maintain cell shape and anchor organelles |
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| Made of the protein actin. Function in muscle contraction, form a band that pinches cell in two during cell division |
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| The "input" molecule that stores potential energy in its chemical bonds |
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| An "input" molecule to some energy pathways that helps process high-energy electrons |
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| Molecules that can carry high energy electrons to other areas of the cell |
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| A waste product molecule of cellular respiration |
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| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) |
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| The high-energy "output" of respiration reactions that is the "fuel" for all other metabolic reactions in a cell |
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| Made for use in the cells through Aerobic Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Reactions |
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Definition
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| Aerobic Cellular Respiration |
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| Making ATP when O2 is present |
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| Making ATP when O2 is NOT present |
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Input: 1 Glucose, 2 ATP
Output: 4ATP (2 net ATP), 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvate |
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| Inputs and Outputs of Glycolysis in the cell cytoplasm |
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Inputs: 2 Pyruvate
Outputs: NADH, fed back into glycolysis |
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| Inputs and Outputs of Fermentation in the cell cytoplasm |
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| Allows cells to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis. You need NAD+ to keep breaking down glucose to make ATP. |
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Inputs: 2 Pyruvate, O2
Outputs: 2 CO2, 2 Acetyl CoEnzyme A, 2 NADH |
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| Inputs and outputs of Pyruvate Processing in the Mitochondrial Matrix |
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Inputs 2Acetyl CoA
Outputs: 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2 |
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| Inputs and Outputs of the Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle in the Mitochondrial Matrix |
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Inputs: 10 NADH, 2 FADH2
Outputs: 26 ATP, H2O |
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| Inputs and outputs of Chemiosmosis & The Electron Transport Chain in the Mitochondrial Membrane |
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| (Simple sugar) Monomers are the molecules that most cells "want" to use to make ATP |
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| Building up biological molecules for use in the cell |
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| Breaking down biological molecules for energy and as molecular building blocks |
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