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Biology
Exam 1
58
Biology
Not Applicable
01/23/2012

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

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Term

What is biology ?

 

Definition
The study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields.
Term
What is life
Definition
No one really knows
Term
What are the characteristics of life?
Definition
  • order
  • metabolism
  • responsivines
  • reproduction
  • Development
  • heredity
  • mobility
  • cell theory
Term
ORDER
Definition

Each structure or activity lies in a specific relationship to all stuctures and activities.

Term
Metabolism
Definition

Organized chemicals steps that break down and build up molecules, making energy available or building needed parts.

 

Term

Responsivines

 

Definition
Organisms perceive the environment and react to it.
Term
Development
Definition
Ordered sequences of progressive changes results in an individual acquiring increased complexity
Term
Evoulution
Definition
Population of organisms change over time, acquiring new ways to survive to obtain and use energy and reproduces
Term
Adaptation
Definition
Specific structures, behaviors and abilities gained for better lifes for there environment
Term
Heredity
Definition
Genes that are possed from parent to offspring and control physical, chemicalm, and behavioral traits.
Term
Mobility
Definition
Using their own power, organisms move themselves or their body part.
Term
Cell theory
Definition
all living things come from prexisting cells
Term
What was the oldest organisms fossil?
Definition
3.8 billion years ago
Term
Ecology
Definition
Scientific study of how organisms interact with their environment and with each other and of mechanisms that explain the distribution and abundance of organisms
Term
Metabolism
Definition
Series of chemical reactions by which cells aquire and use energy and that contribute to repair, growth, and other survival processes.
Term
Motility
Definition
The self-propelled movement of an individual or its parts.
Term
Asexual Reproduction
Definition
Type of reproduction in which new individuals a rise from only one person
Term
Humans
Definition
25,000 Genes
Term
Alles
Definition
are altenate forms of a gene
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
The increased survive and reproduction of individuals better adapted to the environment
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
A community of organism interacting with a particular environment
Term
Biosphere
Definition
Part of the earth that supports life.
Term
Deductive Reasoning
Definition
Common Sense
Term
Element
Definition
a pure substance cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
Term
atom
Definition
into which an element can be broken down and still retain the properties of the element
Term
molecule
Definition
a cluster of two or more atom s held together by specific chemical bonds
Term
Protons
Definition
a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom
Term
Neutron
Definition
a subatomic particle without any electrical charge found in the nuecleus of an atom
Term
Isotopes
Definition
n alternative form of an element having the same atomic number but a different atomic mass due to the diffrent number of neutrons present in the nucleus.
Term
Ion
Definition
an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thereby attaining a positive or negative charge
Term
Chemical
Definition
An attractive force that keeps atoms together in a molecule.
Term
Nonpolar
Definition
Having a symmetrical distribution of electrical charge.
Term
Polar
Definition
having an asymmetrical distribution of electrical charge
Term
ionic bond
Definition
a type of molecular bond formed between ions of opposite charge
Term
solvent
Definition
a substance capable of dissolving other molecules
Term
Solute
Definition
a substance that has been dissolved in a solvent
Term
Hydrophilic
Definition
compound that dissolve readily in water, such as salt
Term
hydrophobic
Definition
compounds that do not dissolve readily in water such as oil
Term
organic
Definition
molecules that are based on carbon and contain hydrogen
Term
inorganic
Definition
molecules that are not based on carbon
Term
Function group
Definition
a group of atoms that confers specific behavior to the (usually Larger) molecules to which they are attached.
Term
monosaccharide
Definition
A simple sugar that be decomposed into smaller sugar molecules.
Term
Polysaccharide
Definition
A carbohydrate made up of many simple sugars linked together
Term
Starch
Definition
Polysaccharide composed of long chains of glucose subunits.
Term
Glycogen
Definition
Polysaccharide made up of branched chains of glucose.
Term
Cellulose
Definition
The chief constituent of the cell wall green plants, some alga, and a few other organisms
Term
Chitin
Definition
Complex nitrogen-containing polysaccharide that forms cell walls of certain fungi; exoskeletons of insects,arthropods
Term
Alpha-helix
Definition
one possible shape of amino acids in a protein that resembles a spiral staircase.
Term
pleated sheet
Definition
secondary protein structures in which hydrogen bonds link two parts of a protein into a shape like a corrugated sheet.
Term
disordered loop
Definition
region of a less specific but constant shape that link other parts of a protein
Term
peptide bond
Definition
a bond joining two amino acids in a protein
Term
polypeptide
Definition
amino acids joined together by peptide bond into long chains.
Term
fats
Definition
an energy storage molecules that contains a glycerol bonded to three fatty acids.
Term
wax
Definition
a sticky,solid,waterproofing of plant leaves.
Term
steroid
Definition
a major class of lipids based on a 4-carbon-atom ring system and often a hydrocarbon tail.
Term
nucleic acid
Definition
a polymer of nucleotides
Term
RNA
Definition
Nucleic acid similar to DNA except that it is generally single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose and the base uracil replaces thymine
Term
reverse transcriptase
Definition
the enzyme that facilitates "reverse" transcription of RNA and DNa
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