Trait

varation of a character

-genetic character not physical

ex: eye color

alternate form of a gene

*at least 2*

ex: browm eyes to blue eyes

visable or displayed allele

-hides recessive

-indicated by capitals

ex: brown=E  blue=e

"black paint"

recessive

not visable with dominant allele

-hidden by dominant

-indicated by lower case

ex: blue=e brown=E

"white paint"

the combo of alleles on chromosomes

EE            Ee            ee

↓               ↓               ↓

homozygous    hetrozygous    homozygous

dominant                             recessive

Phenotype

(Pic)                                        

observable display of a genotype

ex: brown eyes or blue eyes

2 parents crossing to form offspring

EE × ee = Ee

               ↓

                 (hybrid)

the study of heredity

-Gregor Mendel and the pea pods

the process by which sperm from one flowers pollen fertilizes the eggs in a flower of a different plant

ex: the white flower fertilizes the purple one

homozygous

when 2 alleles are the same

ex: EE or ee

when the alleles are different

ex: Ee

testcross

mating of an individual of unknown genotype but dominant phenoype with a homozygous recessive individual

a type of diagram that shows all possible outcomes of a genetic cross

 E          E 

   _______________

   |           |           |

e |   Ee     |     Ee  |

   |           |           |

   |_______|_______|

   |           |           |

e  |           |           |

   |    Ee    |     Ee  |

   |_______|_______|