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Biology Vocab pt1
N/A
27
Biology
10th Grade
11/19/2013

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Term
Genetics
Definition
Scientific study of heredity
Term
Fertilization
Definition
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and femlae reproduce cells join to form a new cell
Term
True-Breeding
Definition
Term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate
Term
Trait
Definition
Specific characteristics that varies from one individual to another
Term
Hybrid
Definition
Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Term
Gene
Definition
Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus detemines a trait
Term
Allele
Definition
One of a number of different forms of a gene
Term
Segregation
Definition
Separtion of allels during gamete formation
Term
Probablility
Definition
Likelihood that a particular event will occur
Term
Punnet Square
Definition
Diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Term used to refer to an organism that has two indentical alleles for a particular trait
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait.
Term
Phenotype
Definition
Physical characteristics of an organism
Term
Gamete
Definition
Specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
Term
Genotype
Definition
Genetic makeup of an organism
Term
Independent Assortment
Definition
Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
Term
Incomplete Dominance
Definition
Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another
Term
Codominance
Definition
Situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
Term
Multiple Alleles
Definition
Three or more alleles f the same gene
Term
Polygenic Trait
Definition
Trait controlled by two or more genes
Term
Homologous
Definition
Term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parent
Term
Diploid
Definition
Term to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
Term
haploid
Definition
term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes.
Term
meiosis
Definition
process by which the number of chromosomes per cell id cut in half through the seperation of homologus.
Term
tetrad
Definition
stucture containing 4 chromaticls that forms during meiosis.
Term
Crossing over
Definition
Process in which homologus chromosomes exchange portions of thier chromatids during meiosis
Term
Gene Map
Definition
Diagram showing the realative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome
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