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Definition
| Biological catalysts. Either partially or completely proteins with highly specific functions. |
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Definition
| A compound which speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up or altered in the reaction by lowering the activation energy |
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Definition
| Material with which the catalyst reacts |
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Definition
| Part of enzyme that will bind with a substrate |
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Definition
| formed when an enzyme and substrate bind at the active site. Place where catalysis occurs |
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| Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity |
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Definition
pH, temperature: change 3D shape
specific chemicals: bind and alter shape |
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Definition
| Chemicals that MUST bind with an enzyme in order for the ENZYME to be active |
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Definition
| nonprotein subunits that usually bind to the active site on the enzyme and are essential for the enzyme to work. can include metal ions or organic compounds |
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Definition
| organic cofactor (subunit necessary for an enzyme to work) |
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Definition
| chemicals that shut off enzyme activity (2 kinds) |
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Term
| Competitive Inhibition (what it does, how to fix it) |
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Definition
When a molecule that is structurally similar to the substrate competes for a position at the active site on the enzyme.
Can be reversed if the concentration of the substrate is raised |
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Term
| Noncompetitive Inhibition (what it does- 2 ways, how to fix it) |
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Definition
An inhibitor binds to a part of the enzyme that is NOT the active site, causing a change in the nature of the enzyme so that the enzyme's catalytic properties are lost.
1)noncompetitive inhibitor physically blocks active site
2) causes a conformational change in the protein which inactivates the active site
Can NOT be reversed by changing concentration |
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| Measuring Enzyme Activity (2 ways) |
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Definition
1) determine rate of disappearance of the substrate
2) determine the rate of appearance of the product |
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Term
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Definition
an ANAEROBIC process for transferring the energy in glucose bonds to bonds in ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Can produce a maximum of 2 ATP molecules |
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Term
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Definition
an AEROBIC process for transferring the energy in glucose bonds to bonds in ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Can produce a maximum of 38 ATP molecules |
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