Term
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Definition
| sugar molecule in the DNA nucleotide |
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Term
| nitrogen-cointaining base |
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Definition
| one part of the DNA nucleotide |
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Term
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Definition
one of the nitrogen cointaining bases
matches up with thymine in DNA but with uracil in RNA |
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Term
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Definition
nitrogen cointaining base
matches up with cytosine in DNA and RNA |
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Term
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Definition
one of the nitrogen cointaining bases
matches up with guanine in DNA and RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the nitrogen-cointaining bases, only present in DNA, matches up with adenine |
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Term
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Definition
| group of nitrogen containing bases, cointains guanine and adenine |
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Term
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Definition
| one gorup of the nitrogen containing bases contains cytosine and thymine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| complenmentary base pairs |
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Definition
adenine adn thymine
guanine and cytosine |
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Term
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Definition
| process of copying DNA in a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes that seperate DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| sugar molecule in RNA nucleotide |
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Term
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Definition
| nitrogen containing base in RNA, pairs with adenie, replaces thymine |
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Term
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Definition
| carries genetic info from the dna in the nucleus to the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell |
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Term
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Definition
single chain of RNA
binds to amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
most abundant form of RNA
RNA nucleotides bunches up
make up ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic information copied from DNA to RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| primary transcription enzyme, make RNA copies of certain sequences of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| transcription continues until it reaches a part of DNA called the termination signal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| correlation between nucleotide sequence and an amino-acid |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of three mRNA nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| codons that stop the translating of RNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
masks the other allele
capital letter |
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Term
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Definition
| pollen from anthers of pure plan to stigma of pure plant with a contrasting trait |
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Term
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Definition
| contrasting form of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| all plants in a group pure for a specific trait |
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Term
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Definition
genetic make-up of an organism
represented by letters |
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Term
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Definition
| between individuals with two pairs of contrasting traits |
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Term
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Definition
| one trait has all dominance over the other trait |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 or more alleles, influence the phenotype, no allele is dominant or recessive, capital letters for all, result-phenotype that shows some of each parent |
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Term
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Definition
| alleles that ARE NOT identical ex.) Tt, Rr, Hh |
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Term
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Definition
| both alleles are exactly the same, TT, bb |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 or more alleles influence the phenotype, use capital letters for both, no allele is recessive or dominant, shows a blend |
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Term
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Definition
DD, RR, hh
only 2 letters, 1 trait |
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Term
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Definition
external apperance of an organism represented with description
ex.) tall, red |
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Term
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Definition
# of one kind of event
can be expressed as decimal, percentage, fraction |
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Term
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Definition
| diagram to establish probabilities of cross between individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| offspring from the P1 cross |
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Term
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Definition
| offspring of the F1 generation |
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Term
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Definition
| field devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted from parent to offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| transmission of characterisitcs from parents to offspring |
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Term
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Definition
each parent is pure for ther trait
1st generation |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of pollen from anther to stigma |
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Term
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Definition
| parents always produce offspring with that trait |
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Term
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Definition
allele may be masked
represented by a lower-case letter |
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Term
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Definition
| pollination that occurs within a single plant |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
dominant allele
cause invouluntary movements, mental problems |
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Term
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Definition
X-linked trait
blood always keeps coming out on a scratch, no clotting of blood |
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Term
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Definition
| examination of a persons makeup |
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Term
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Definition
| in humans if cells have one less chromosome, 45 chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
prescence of male/female hormones that influence expression of the trait
men= BB= bald
women= BB= not bald |
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Term
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Definition
| diagram of genetic history, can show inheritance |
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Term
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Definition
A,B,O
A= AA, AO
B= BB, BO
O= OO
AB= AB |
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Term
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Definition
| when there is an extra chromsome, #47 (downs Syndrome) |
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Term
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Definition
| a trait coded by a single dominant allele, homozygous recessive pair |
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Term
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Definition
| a gene, trait found on the Y-chromsome |
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Term
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Definition
| a trait,gene found on the X-chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| disease that has a genetic base |
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Term
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Definition
| an extra #21 chromosome. trisomy |
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Term
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Definition
usually males
-X-linked trait |
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Term
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Definition
doesn't have trait but can pass it down to offspring
on punnent square: circle or square is half-filled |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment of genetic disorder by introducing a healthy gene into a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| patterns of bands made up of specific pieces from an individuals DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| a ring of DNA found in bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| certain enzymes that genetic engineers use to cut DNA into smaller, more managable pieces |
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Term
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Definition
| when scientists change genes to make them what they want or need |
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Term
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Definition
| when DNA from 2 or more places combine |
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Term
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Definition
| when a gene starts to put togehter a protien |
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Term
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Definition
| as individuals develop, organs and tissues change to a certain characterstic form |
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Term
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Definition
| the spread of cancerous cells beyond their original poing |
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Term
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Definition
| all the genetics and genetic materal within a living thing |
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Term
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Definition
| because of your genes, you are at a higher risk for certain diseases, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| a cancerous mass of cells that are uncontrollable |
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