Term
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Definition
1) Green Algae - nonterrestrial
2) Bryophytes - terrestrial
3) Seedless Vascular Plants - terrestrial
4) Gymnosperms - terrestrial
5) Angiosperms - terrestrial |
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Term
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Definition
-multicellular green algae in kingdom plant
-unicellular green algae in kingdom protista
-the need for the ability to deal with low moisture and increased UV radiation caused the change |
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Term
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Definition
-eukaryote
-autotrophic
-cell wall of cellulose
-specialized reproductive structures
-sessile (attached at base) + terrestrial (with the esception of green algae) |
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Term
| Extraordinary Attributes of Plants |
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Definition
-longevity
-height
-weight
-energy |
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Term
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Definition
| plants can be parasites too |
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Term
| Adaptations for Life on Land |
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Definition
-obtaining food
-finding mate
-resisting predator
-gravity
-desiccation (drying out) |
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Term
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Definition
-cuticle, roots, shoots, and stomata
-lignin = a substance that hardens the cell wall of plants
-mycorrhizae = relationships between roots and fungi that help plants obtain necessary materials from soil |
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Term
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Definition
| reproductive structures that house and protect the gametes of plants (ex: pollen) |
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Term
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Definition
| an embryonic plant with its own supply of water and nutrients encased within a protective coating |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Alternation of Generations |
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Definition
| used to describe the life cycle of land plants -- part of life cycle lived in haploid state and part of life cycle lived in diploid state |
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Term
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Definition
-first "land" plants (very tied to moist areas)
-inlcude liverwarts, hornwarts, and mosses |
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Term
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Definition
| many plants groiwng in a low tight pack because they lack vascular tissue and rely on cell to cell transfusion and lack lignin for structure |
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Term
| Key Adaptations of Bryophytes |
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Definition
1) waxy cuticle
2) retention of embryo in gametangium (spores) |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that can develop into a multicellular individual without fusing with another cell; ability to go dorment |
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Term
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Definition
-ferns and horsetails
-sperm still need flagella (and water to swim)
-ferns most diverse of seedless plants today (and most recognizable) |
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Term
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Definition
-dead cells; transports water up
-diffusion of water into roots, cohesion and adhesion of water in xylem, and diffusion of water out of leaf (transpiration) |
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Term
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Definition
-live cells; transports nutrients down
-active, requires ATP
-takes sugars from leaves to roots |
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Term
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Definition
-carboniferous period (360-300 million years ago)
-plants died, but did not totally decay
-remains formed thick debris = coal |
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Term
| Key Adaptations of Gymnosperms |
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Definition
-"naked" "seeds"
-ability to live on dry terrain (reduction of gametophyte generation, evolution of pollen, presence of seeds) |
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Term
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Definition
-reproductive structures = cones (male has pollen and female has ovule/seed)
-pollen = male reproductive structure in seed plants -- easy to disperse; genetic diversity
-conifers, cycads, gingko, and gnetophytes |
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Term
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Definition
-"protected/closed" "seeds"
-90% of plant kingdom |
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Term
| Key Adaptations of Angiosperms |
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Definition
-FLOWERS!!!
-Double Fertilization (pollen grain deposits two sperm in embryo sac)
-Fruit (develops from ovary: attractive/tasty -- dispersal)
-Seed (develops from ovule -- in fruit)
-Transportation |
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Term
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Definition
| nutrient storage tissue (triploid) |
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Term
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Definition
| Due to nitrogen-poor environments |
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Term
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Definition
-hormones control plant growth and development (division, elongation, and differentiation of cells)
-Hormones = a chemical signal that responds to environmental variables |
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