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| If an atom has 13 protons and 12 electrons, what is it's atomic number? |
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| A measure of how acidic something is |
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| What ability allows carbon atoms to form a large number of molecules? |
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| all organisms and the part of Earth where they exist |
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| the variety of organisms in a given area, the genetic variation within a population, the variety of species in a community, or the variety of communities in an ecosystem |
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| a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring; also the level of classification below genus and above subspecies |
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| the scientific study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment |
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| an individual living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently |
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| in biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and contain DNA and cytoplasm |
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| the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
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| deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics |
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| changing, organized group of related parts that interact to form a whole |
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| a community of organisms and their abiotic environment |
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| the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment; a constant internal state that is maintained in a changing environment by continually making adjustments to the internal and external environment |
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| generally, in biology, the process of change by which new species develop from preexisting species over time; at the genetic level, the process in which inherited characteristics within populations change over time; the process defined by Darwin as “descent with modification” |
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| the process of becoming adapted to an environment; an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral change that improves a population's ability to survive |
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| the process of obtaining information by using the senses; the information obtained by using the senses |
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| observations and measurements recorded during an experiment. |
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| a testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation |
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| a procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to discover, demonstrate, or test a fact, theory, or general truth |
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| condition or factor that is manipulated by a scientist during an experiment |
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| the process of obtaining information by using the senses; the information obtained by using the senses |
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| observations and measurements recorded during an experiment. |
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| a testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation |
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| a procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to discover, demonstrate, or test a fact, theory, or general truth |
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| experimental data collected through observation and measurement |
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| condition that is controlled so that it does not change during an experiment |
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| a system of ideas that explains many related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence acquired through scientific investigation |
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| the study of entire genomes, especially by using technology to compare genes within and between species |
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| the most basic physical unit of heredity; a segment of nucleic acids that codes for a functional unit of RNA and/or a protein |
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| study of DNA structure and function on the molecular level |
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| tool that provides an enlarged image of an object. |
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| use and application of living things and biological processes |
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| organism whose genome has been altered to contain one or more genes from another organism or species |
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| the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element |
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| a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number |
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| a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
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| an atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge |
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| the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
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| a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
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| a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substance's chemical properties |
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| the intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule |
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| the force that holds molecules of a single material together |
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| the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other |
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| a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed |
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| in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves |
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| in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent |
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| any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; acids turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metals to form salts |
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| any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts |
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| molecular subunit of a polymer |
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| a large molecule that is formed by more than five monomers, or small units |
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| a class of molecules that includes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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| a fat molecule or a molecule that has similar properties; examples include oils, waxes, and steroids |
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| hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid |
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| an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells |
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| a compound of a class of simple organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group and an amino group and that combine to form proteins |
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| an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information |
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| process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds |
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| a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction |
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| a substance that forms in a chemical reaction |
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| amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular atoms |
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| in biology, a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space |
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| the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction |
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| chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat |
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| chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy |
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| substance that decreases activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction |
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| a molecule, either protein or RNA, that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions |
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| a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element; the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes |
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