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Definition
| Formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of outer shell electrons. |
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| Formed when two ions with opposite electrical charges attract and the attraction holds them together. |
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Definition
| When hydrogen and oxygen from two different molecules of water attract because of their opposite charges. |
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| An electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form molecules. |
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| When electrons are shared unequally, resulting in one atom being partially - and the other partially +. |
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Definition
| (Afraid of water) Insoluble in water. |
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| (Water-loving) Soluble in water. |
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Definition
| Made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Proton: + Neutron: = Electron: - |
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| When two atoms bond, what is responsible for the bonding? |
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Definition
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| What types of bonds are there? Give an example for each. |
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Definition
Ionic Bond: NaCl (sodium chloride)
Covalent Bond: (Drawing)
Hydrogen Bond: (Drawing)
Polar Covalent Bond: (Drawing) |
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Term
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Definition
| An atom that has gained or lost an electron. |
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Term
| What happens when an ion is negatively charged? Positively? |
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Definition
| - Charge: Gains Electrons + Charge: Loses Electrons |
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Term
| All matter can be found in liquid, solid, and gas. What's special about water? |
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Definition
| Water is a universal solvent, insulates (ice on water protects life below), regulates temp, cohesion (tendency of molecules to stick together). |
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Term
| Water is said to be a polar covalent molecule. Why is it polar? (charged) |
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Definition
| There is an uneven distribution of electrons between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms. |
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Term
| What properties of water allow it to stick together? |
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Definition
| The partial positive and negative charges. (It's polar) |
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Term
| What is cohesion and adhesion of water? |
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Definition
Cohesion: The tendency of molecules of the same substance to stick together. (strongest with water than other liquids)
Adhesion: When water sticks to other substances. |
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Term
| pH indicates the amount of ______ in a solution. |
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Definition
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| What is neutral? Basic? Acidic? (pH levels) |
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Definition
Neutral: 7
Basic: 14
Acidic: 0 |
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Term
| What are the four organic biomolecules? What are their monomers? How are their monomers joined? Broken apart? |
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Definition
Protein: Amino Acids
Carbohydrate: Monosaccharides
Lipid: Glycerol & Fatty Acids
Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides
Joined: Dehydration
Broken: Hydrolysis |
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Term
| Enzymes are said to be catalysts. What does that mean? |
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Definition
| Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions and lower the Ea. |
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Term
| What is the energy of activation in a reaction? How do enzymes lower this? |
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Definition
Ea is the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction.
Enzymes lower Ea by bringing reactants closer together. |
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Term
| Enzymes are specific for the reaction they control as well as... |
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Definition
| ... the environment they are in. |
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Term
| What conditions must be controlled for an enzyme to work? |
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Definition
| Temperature, pH, concentration, and substrate. |
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Term
| The pH scale goes from ___ - ___ |
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Definition
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| Oxygen and Sulfur are ______. |
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