Term
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Definition
Sex linked traits
Linked genes
Fruit flies
Mutant and wildtype |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| genes located on the same chromosome and do not assort independently |
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Term
Recombinant ratio: less than 50%
EX 1-49% |
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Definition
| Genes are on the same chromosome |
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Term
| Recombinant ratio: 50 or greater |
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Definition
| Check intermediate genes to see if it is sex linked or linked genes |
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Term
| What increases the likelihood of genes to cross over or recombinate |
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Definition
| a farther distance between the two genes |
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Term
| Independent assortment will not occur when? |
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Definition
| Genes are located on the same chromosome |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Morgan choose fruit flies? |
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Definition
A lot of offspring
Quick reproduction time
Four chromosome pairs
3 autosomal and 1 sexlinked |
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Term
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Definition
A gene is duplicated
repeated gene segment
lost fragment joins homologous chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
A lost gene reattaches backwards
gene removed and replaced incorrectly |
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Term
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Definition
Swap genes on 2 different chromosomes
lost fragment joins non homologous chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| a gene is deleted. Delete a gene |
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Term
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Definition
unactivated X in females
randomly unactivated
XXX 2 out of 3 are inactive
which one will be inactive is random |
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Term
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Definition
If a nondisjunction gamete unites with a normal gamete you get the wrong number of chromosomes (abnormal)
Two types: Monosomic 2n-1
Trisomic 2n+1 |
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Term
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Definition
Turner syndrom Monosomic
Down-syndrom Trisomic |
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Term
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Definition
Affects only famales
Genotype XO
45 chromosomes
cant bare children
one X
Monosomy 2n-1 |
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Term
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Definition
47 chromosomes
3 #21
Trisomy 2n+1 |
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Term
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Definition
Wrong number of chromosomes 2n-1 2n+1
Can result in down-syndrom
caused by:
homologous pairs don't separate during Meiosis I
sister chromatid don't separate during Meiosis II
Result: 1 gamete gets 2 of the same kind of chromosome other gamete gets none |
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Term
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Definition
More than 2 complete sets of chromosomes
2 or more pairs
common in plants rare in animals
4n 16n 32n meiosis never occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| sex linked diseases to male offspring and female offspring |
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Term
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Definition
Sex linked diseases to female offspring
pass Y chromosomes to Male offspring |
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Term
| Females are __________ for recessive sex linked diseases. What is their Genotype? |
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Definition
Carriers
Heterozygous XBXb
Disease is not expressed |
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Term
| Dominant sex linked diseases can or can't be carried? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Females
Heterozygous XBXb |
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Term
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Definition
Male and Female can be carriers
heterozygotes Bb |
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Term
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Definition
| two of the same alleles can be Dominant BB or Recessive bb |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
What is seen
Physical characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
Genetic make up
Can't be seen physically |
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Term
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Definition
2 possible alleles 1 dominant one recessive
Law of Segregation
Independent Assortment
went to F2 generation |
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Term
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Definition
chromosomes seperate
each allele pair segregates |
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Term
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Definition
| Meiosis chromosome pairs line up independently or the others (randomly) |
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Term
| None mendelian Inheritance: |
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Definition
Complete Opposite of Mendel's theories
includes: Incomplete dominance
Multiple alleles
codominance
epistasis
polygenic inheritance
pleotrophy |
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Term
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Definition
one allele is not completely dominant over the other
EX Red flower X White flower
BB X bb
Gives you a pink flower Bb=pink mixed not blended (intermediate) |
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Term
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Definition
More than 2 alleles
EX Blood type
A dominant
B dominant
O recessive |
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Term
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Definition
Two dominant alleles are expressed equally
EX Red and Blue scales in fish some scales are red some are blue
EX AB blood type both show equally |
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Term
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Definition
one gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of another gene at another
EX fur color in Labradors
2 genes for fur color
1 is present or absent
presence or absence of pigment
(ee)=no pigment =yellow lab
if it does not have ee and has pigment it is either chocolate (bb) or black (BB Bb) |
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Term
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Definition
multiple genes influence one phenotypic characteristic
not either/or
EX skin color
3 genes all incompletely dominant
AABBCC=darkest
aabbcc=lightest
AABbcc=aaBBCc intermediate combinations |
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Term
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Definition
ability of gene to have multiple phenotypic effects
Ex Siamese cats
Sick cell disease |
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Term
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Definition
heritable units
specific location on chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| specific location of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
variants of a character
black hair brown hair blonde hair |
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Definition
| heritable features that varies among individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| heritable features that varies among individuals |
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Term
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Definition
identical to parents
PPXpp=Pp |
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Term
| When would you use a test cross? |
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Definition
If an organism's appearance does not reveal its genetic composition PP Pp, determine with test crosses
Cross unknown with recessive
PP X pp Pp X pp |
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Term
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Definition
YYRR X yyrr
two traits
9:3:3:1 ratio |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What makes A blood and B blood different between O blood? |
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Definition
A and B blood have polysacharide molecules on blood cells
O blood has no molecules on blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
O blood
A and B are also co dominant AB blood type expressed equally |
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Term
| 6 possible genotypes for blood types are: |
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Definition
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Term
| A Blood: Genotype/Rejects/Accepts: |
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Definition
Genotype: AA AO
Rejects: BB BO AB
Accepts: A, O |
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Term
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Definition
Genotype: BB BO
Reject: AA AO AB
Accepts: B, O |
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Term
| AB Blood Genotype/Rejects: |
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Definition
Genotype: AB
Rejects: NONE
Universal acceptor |
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Term
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Definition
Genotype: OO
Rejects: AA, AO, BB, BO, AB
Universal Donor |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| more likely to stay together during meiosis |
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Term
| Crossing over is responsible for: |
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Definition
| individuals that dont look like parents |
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Term
| XXY yields a _________ male. |
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Definition
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