Term
| C3 cycle (pathway), Calvin cycle |
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Definition
| the cyclic series of reactions whereby carbon dioxide is fixed into carbohydrates during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis; also called calvin benson cycle |
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Definition
| the series of reactions in certain plants that fixes carbon dioxide into oxaloacetic acid, which is later broken down for use in the C3 cycle, in which carbon dioxide reacts with ribulose bisphosphate to form a stable organic molecule. |
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Definition
| the initial steps in the C3 cycle, in which carbon dioxide reacts with ribulose bisphsphate to form a stable organic molecule. |
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Definition
| a red, orange, or yellow pigment, found in chloroplasts that serves as an accessory light-gathering molecule in thylakoid photo systems |
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Definition
| a process of ATP generation in chloroplasts and mitochondria. The movement of electrons down an electron transport system is used to pump hydrogen ions across a membrane, thereby building up a concentration graduent of hydrogen ions across the membrane; the hydrogen ions diffuse back across the membrane through teh pores of ATP synthesizing enzymes; the energy of their movement down their concentration gradient drives ATP synthesis. |
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Definition
| pigment foudn in chloroplasts that captures light energy during photosynthesis; absorbs violent, blue and red light but reflects green light. |
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| a series of electron carrier molecules, found in the thykloid membrane of chloroplasts and the inner membrane of mitochondria, that extract energy from electrons and generate ATP or other energetic molecules |
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Term
| Light-dependent reactions |
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Definition
| the first stage of photosynthesis, in which the energy of light is captured as ATP and NADPH; occurs in thylakoids of chloroplasts |
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Term
| Light-independent reactions |
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Definition
| the second stage of photosynthesis, in which the energy obtained by teh light-dependent reactions is used to fix carbon dioxide intro carbohydrates; occurs in teh stroma of chloroplasts. |
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Definition
| teh smallest unit of light energy |
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| a series of reactions in plants in which 02 repleaces C02 during the C3 cycle, preventing carbon fixation; this wasteful process dominates when C3 plants are forced to close their stomata to prevent water loss. |
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Definition
| the complete series of chemical reactions in which teh energy of light is used to synthesize high-energy organic molecules, normally carbohydrates, from low-energy inorganic molecules, normally carbon dioxide and water. |
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Definition
| in thylakoid membranes, a light-harvesting complex and its assocaiated electron transport system |
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Definition
| in the light-harvesting complex of a photosystem, teh chlorophyll molecule to which light energy is transferred by teh antenna molecules; the captured energy ejects an electron fromt eh reaction center chlorophyll, and the electron is transferred to teh electron trasport system |
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Definition
| an adjustable opening in the epidermis of a leaf, surrounded by a pair of guard cells, that regulates teh diffusion of carbon dioxide and water into and out of the leaf |
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| the semi-fluid material inside chloroplasts in which the grana are embedded |
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Definition
| a disk shaped memrabous sac found in chloroplasts, teh membranes of which contain photo systems and ATP synthesizing enzymes used in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis. |
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