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Definition
| physical, or nonliving, factor that shapes an ecosystem |
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Definition
| organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer |
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Definition
| process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another |
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| total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level |
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Definition
| group of ecosystmes that share similar climates and typical organisms |
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Definition
| part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere |
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| any living part of the environment with which an organsism might interact |
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Definition
| organism that obtains energy by eating animals |
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Definition
| process in which chemical energy is used to produce carbohydtrates |
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Definition
| assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area |
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Definition
| organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply; also called a heterotroph |
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Definition
| organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter |
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Definition
| process by which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas |
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Definition
| organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter |
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Definition
| illustration of the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a given food chain or food web |
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Definition
| scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment |
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Definition
| all the organisms that live in a place, together with their nonliving environment |
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Definition
| series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
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Definition
| network of comples interactions formed bye the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem |
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Definition
| organism that obtains energy by eating only plants |
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Definition
| organism that obtains energy by eating only plants |
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Definition
| single essential nutrient that limits productivity in an ecosystem |
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Definition
| process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen compunds that plants can absorb and use |
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Definition
| chemical substance that an organism needs to sustain life |
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Definition
| organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals |
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Definition
| process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dixide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
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Definition
| photosyntheic algae found near the surface of the ocean |
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Definition
| group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area |
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Definition
| first producer of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms |
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Definition
| animal that consumes the carcasses of other animals |
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Definition
| a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring |
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Definition
| each step in a food chain or food web |
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Definition
| small free-floating animals that form part of plankton |
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Definition
| dark layer of the oceans below the photic zone where sunlight does not penetrate |
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Definition
| organisms that live attached to or near the bottom of lakes, streams, or oceans |
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Definition
| dense covering formed by the leafy tops of tall rain forest trees |
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Definition
| average year-to-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in an area over a long period of time |
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Definition
| symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
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Term
| competitive exlusion principle |
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Definition
| principle that states that no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time |
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Definition
| term used to refer to trees that produce seedbearing cones and have thin leaves shaped like needles |
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Definition
| term used to refer to a type of tree that sheds its leaves during a particular season each year |
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Definition
| series of gradual changes that occure in a community following a disturbance |
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Definition
| kind of wetland formed where a river meets the ocean |
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Definition
| process in which certain gases (carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor) trap sunlight energy in Earth's atmosphere as heat |
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Definition
| area where an organism lives, including the biotic and abitotic factors that affect it. |
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Definition
| interaction in which one animal (the herbivore) feeds on producers (plants) |
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| material formed from decaying leaves and other organic matter |
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Definition
| single species that is not usually abundant in a community yet exerts strong control on the structure of a community |
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Definition
| symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship |
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Definition
| symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
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Definition
| symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it |
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Definition
| environmental conditions whithin a small area that differs significantly from the climate of the surrounding area |
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Definition
| full range of physical and biological consitions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organsim uses those conditions |
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Definition
| layer of permanently frozen subsoil found in the tundra |
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Definition
| sunlight region near the surface of water |
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Definition
| first species to populate an area during succession |
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Definition
| interaction in which one organism (the predator) captures and feeds on another organism (the prey) |
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Definition
| animal that is hunting prey for food |
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Definition
| organism that is being hunted for food by a predator |
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Definition
| succession that occurs in an area in which no trace of a previous community is present |
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Definition
| any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or space |
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Definition
| type of succession that occurs in an area that was only partially destroyed by disturbances |
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Definition
| relationship in which two species live close together |
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Definition
| biome with long cold winters and a few months of warm weather; dominated by coniferous evergreens; also called boreal forest |
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Definition
| ability of an organism to survive and reproduce under circumstances that differ from their optimal conditions |
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| layer in a rain forest found underneath the canopy formed by shorter trees and vines |
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Definition
| day-to-day conditions of the atmosphere, indluing temperature, precipitation, and other factors |
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| ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is presnt at or near the surface for at least part of the year |
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| temperate woodland and shrubland |
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| northwetern coniferous forest |
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| density-dependent limiting factors |
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Definition
| limiting factor that depends on population density |
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| density-independent limiting factors |
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Definition
| limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of the population density |
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Definition
| classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name. |
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| group of closely related species; the first part of the scientific name in binomial nomenclature |
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| study of the diversity of life and the evolutionary relationships between organsism |
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Definition
| group or level of organization into which organisms are classified |
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Definition
| larger, more inclusive taxonomic category than a kingdom |
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Definition
| largest and most inclusive group in classification |
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| in classification; a group of closely realated classes |
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| in classification; a group of closely related orders |
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| in classification;a group of losely related families |
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Definition
| in classification; group of similar genera |
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Definition
| group of closely related species; the first part of the scientific name in binomial nomenclature |
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Definition
| a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring |
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Definition
| group that consists of a single ancestral species and all its de |
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Definition
| evolutionary branch of a cladogram that includes a single ancestor and all its decendants |
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| trait that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older members |
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| domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan; corresponds to the kingdom eubacteria |
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Definition
| domain consisting of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan; corresponds to the kingdom Archeabacteria |
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Definition
| domain consisting of all organisms that have a nucleus: includes protists, plants, fungi, and animals |
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| a large group of bacteria having rigid cell walls; motile types have flagella |
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| unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus |
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| spiral or corkscrew-shaped prokaryote |
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| structure produced by prokaryotes in unfavorable conditions; a thick internal wall that encloses the DNA and a portion of the cytoplasm |
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Definition
| process in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information |
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| alternation of generations |
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Definition
| life cycle that has wo alternating phases-a haploid (N) phase and diploid (2N) phase |
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Definition
| group of seed plants that bear their seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed; also called flowering plant |
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Definition
| male reproductive structure in some plants that produces sperm |
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Definition
| structure in plants that produces egg cells |
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Definition
| group of plants that have specialized reproductive organs but lack vascular tissue; includes mosses and their relatives |
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Definition
| first leaf or first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant |
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Definition
| angiosperm with two seed leaves in its ovary |
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Definition
| structure in angiosperms that contains one or more matured ovaries |
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Definition
| gamete-producing plant; multicellular haploid phase of a plant life cycle |
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Definition
| group of seed plants that bear their seeds directly on the scales of cones |
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Definition
| type of plant that has smooth and nonwoody stems; includes dandelions, zinnias, petunias, and sunflowers |
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Definition
| angiosperm with one seed leaf in its ovary |
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Definition
| in plants, the structure that surrounds and protects seeds |
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Definition
| structure in seed cones in which the female gametophytes develop |
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Definition
| specialized vascular tissue that transports food throughout the plant |
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Definition
| structure that contains the entire male gametophyte in seed plants |
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Definition
| structure in a plant that contains two haploid sperm nuclei |
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Definition
| transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure |
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Definition
| plant embryo and a food supply encased in a protective covering |
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Definition
| tough covering that surrounds and protects the plant embryo and keeps the contents of the seed from drying out |
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Definition
| spore capsule in which haploid spores are produced by meiosis |
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Definition
| spore-producing plant; the multicellular diploid phase of a plant life cycle |
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Definition
| type of cell which forms lignin tubes that carry water and food throughout the plant |
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Definition
| group of all plants with vascular tubes |
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| specialezed plant tissue made oflignin which forms tubes to carry water and food |
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| plant with a bark like structure as it's outer layer |
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Definition
| specialized vascular tissue that transports water throughout the plant |
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Definition
| particle made of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells |
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Definition
| protein coat surrounding a virus |
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Definition
| kind of virus that infects bacteria |
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Definition
| type of infection in which a virus enters a cell, makes copies of itself, and causees the cell to burst |
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Definition
| type of infection in which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell and is replicated along with the host cell's DNA |
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Definition
| first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible |
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Definition
| RNA virus that contains RNA as its genetic information |
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| preparation of weakened, or a similar but less dangerous, pathogen to produce immunity |
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Definition
| group of drugs used to block the growth and reproduction of bacterial pathogens |
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Definition
| disease that appears in the population for the first time, or an old disease that suddenly become harder to control |
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Definition
| protein praticles that cause disease |
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| disease caused by microorganism that disrupts normal body functions |
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| idea that infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms |
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| set of guidelines developed by Koach that helps identify the microorganism that causes a specific disease |
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Definition
| disease transmitted from animal to human |
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| animal that transports a pathogen to a human |
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| organism that harbors a parasite |
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| grows in clusters; rod shaped |
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| twisted chain; spherical shaped |
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| protein that either attacks antigens directly or produces antigen-binding proteins |
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| disease spread by rodents that is similar to the flu |
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| possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question |
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| factor in a controlled experiment that is deliberately changed; also called manipulated variable |
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| variable that is observed and that changes in response to the independent variable; also called the responding variable |
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| things that are kept the same for all / experiments |
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| if you don't know what a mean is then you're stupid. |
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| i don't feel like looking for a definition so find it yourself lazy asses. |
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| an outflowing of water or gas from a natural body of water, or from a human-made structure |
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| a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution |
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