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Definition
| Genetic clones of parents (bacteria, plants/animals) |
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Definition
| Create new genetic variations, by fertilization (humans) |
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Definition
| Process of fertilizing an egg, female animal or plant involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote |
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| Recombination (crossing over) |
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Definition
| Crosses over and creates new alleles in the cell, the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring |
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| Meiosis: (how many daughter cells, how many of parent chromosomes) |
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Definition
| 4 daughter cells, half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell |
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| Mitosis: (characteristics) |
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Definition
| type of cell division, 2 daughter cells, same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, forms body cells, divides once |
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Definition
| Carries urine out of body |
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| helps urine/semen leave the body |
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| Produces sperm and hormones |
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| Transports mature sperm to urethra |
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| Add fluids to semen during ejaculation |
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| Nourishes and protects sperm |
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Definition
| Holds liquid that mixes with sperm to form semen |
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| Responsible for development of embryo and fetus where the baby develops |
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| Conveys urine from urinary bladder to outside of the body |
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| Connects uterus to vagina, holds the baby in and needs contractions for the baby to come out |
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Definition
| Secreted by corpus luteum at the end of the pregnancy cycle |
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Definition
| Secreted by corpus luteum causes lining of uterus to thicken |
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Definition
| Coming from the brain, causes ovulation, released at the beginning of the cycle |
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Definition
| Causes puberty to start follicle stimulating |
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Definition
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Definition
| 2-12 days, FSH and LH travel to ovaries, where a follicle matures, produce an increased amount of estrogen |
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Definition
| 12-16 days, release of the egg from the ovary into fallopian tubes |
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Definition
| As egg moves through the fallopian tube, cells of the ruptured follicle changes, to a yellow colors (corpus luteum) releases estrogen and progesterone which stimulates growth and development of blood supply |
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Definition
| First 7 days, low estrogen levels cause lining of the uterus to detach, the tissue, blood and unfertilized egg is discharged from the vagina |
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Definition
| Zygote undergoes meiosis, then becomes a blastocyst (hollow ball of cells) after fertilization the blastocyst attatches to the wall of the uterus and grows into tissues in the other this is the process of implantation |
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Definition
| Lower superior from dominant (lower case, m,l,t) |
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Definition
| Dominates, (always uppercase) |
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Term
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Definition
| Nieither allele is dominant over another, both alleles are expressed and contributed to the phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| one allele doesnt completely dominate another allele resulting in a new phenotype may exhibit a blending or an intermediate of the parents gene |
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Definition
| Determines the probability of determining a characteristic of someone |
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Definition
| Carried only on x chromosomes, alleles have to include XX XY in the genotype |
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Definition
| Ability of the blood to clot is reduced causing the sufferer to bleed severly |
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Definition
| Variations help members of species survive in a given environment, selects beneficial adaptation and overtime, trait becomes more prevalent |
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Definition
| States that every specie was froma common ancestor, species varied globally, locally and overtime |
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Term
| Descent with Modification |
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Definition
| One of the main principles, different species descended from a common ancestor |
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Definition
| Diversity in gene frequencies |
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Definition
| Process by unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments |
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| different structures, same functions |
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| similar genetic structures, different function |
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| Formation of a new species |
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Definition
| KPCOFGS-kingdom, phylum,class,order,family,genus,species |
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Definition
| Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic, cell walls, unicellular, bacteria that causes diseases |
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| prokaryotic, unicellular, harsh environments, extremophiles, hot springs, |
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| eukaryotic, nucleus, most unicellular, heterotrophic/autotrophic, decomposer, parecium, amoeba, algae |
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Definition
| eukaryotic, uni/multicellular, decomposer, mushroom, yeast and mold |
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| eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic, pine/oak trees, mosses, ferns, flowering plants, |
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| eukaryotic, no cell walls, multicellular, heterotrophic, birds, mammals, sponges, reptiles |
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| 2 names comprised of genus and species |
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| Population expansion decreases as resources become scarce leveling off when the carrying capacity of the environment is reached, S-shaped curve |
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| Limiting factors of population growth |
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Definition
| environmental conditions that limit the growth, abundance or distribution of an organism or a population of organisms in an ecosystem |
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Definition
| an organism that is not native and has negative effects on our economy, environment, health |
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Definition
| gradual increase in the overall temp and the earths atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide and other pollutants |
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Definition
| variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem |
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Definition
| wood/solar energy that can or will be replenished naturally in the course of time |
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Definition
| doesnt renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable economic extraction in meaningful human time-frames |
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Definition
| Pumps blood throughout the entire body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing co2 and other wastes |
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Definition
| Receives blood from the body |
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Definition
| pumps blood out of the body |
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Definition
| carries oxygen-rich blood to the body |
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Definition
| drains blood from the upper body and lower body that empty into the right atrium of the heart |
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| large vessels, thick elastic walls, carries blood from the heart to the tissues |
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Definition
| near/between skeletal muscles, pump blood from the lungs to the heart |
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Definition
| Smallest, most narrow and thin, oxygen/nutrients diffuse from the blood into tissues and co2/waste products move to blood |
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Definition
| carries oxygen, removes co2 from the body, transporting to the lungs to exhale |
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Definition
| Produced by plants energy source for humans |
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Definition
| prevent blood from flowing backwards, keep blood flowing in a certain direction |
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| carries oxygen-rich blood |
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Definition
| brings oxygen rich blood to artery |
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| Roles of digestive system |
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Definition
| digest, absorb, eliminate, digest and absorb the food and nutrients uses up energy growth and cell repair, food is turned into smaller molecules when digested into the bloodstream, indigestible food is eliminated and leaves through the rectum |
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| Surface area to volume (digestion) |
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Definition
| as waste increases in size the intestine must be bigger than the waste product, intestines can set a weight limit of how large they can get |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzymes break down for food for energy which is absorbed into the body is further broken down then turns into energy or atp |
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Term
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Definition
| in small intestines, nutrients lipids and other substances from broken down food are absorbed into the villi and diffused through bloodstream |
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Definition
| Breaks down food enzymes in saliva kill pathogens and break down carbs |
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Definition
| Where the bolus travels from the mouth to the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle contractions (peristalsis) produce chyme, lining of the stomach has microscopic glands, villi that releases substances into the stomach, glands that make pepsin, mucus and hydrochloric acid |
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Definition
| Chyme is released here, bile is released from the gallbladder into here, aids in fat digestion |
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Definition
| Absorbs water from indigestible residue from food |
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Definition
| Part of the large intestine that holds feces |
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| Where waste leaves the body |
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Definition
| Processes proteins, fats and sugars also helps create amino acids |
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Definition
| Produces enzymes to break down and process food |
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Definition
| Breaks down food into small molecules that the body can use by the use of enzymes and acids, occurs in stomach |
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Definition
| Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into small pieces occurs in mouth used by teeth |
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Definition
| Break down the food into small molecules so the body can absorb them into the bloodstream to use them in chemical digestion |
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Definition
| major organ, controls the entire body |
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Definition
| Controls movement and is the largest part of the brain |
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Definition
| Back of skull that is used for coordination |
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Definition
| contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor |
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Definition
| Small endocrine gland as the base of the brain that keeps homeostasis throughout the body |
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Definition
| Forms the spinal cord, central trunk of the mammalian brain |
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Definition
| Produces melatonin, regulates reproductive hormones |
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Definition
| Carry impulses from brain and spinal cord to mucles and glands |
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Definition
| Loops that maintain the direction of the stimulus |
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Definition
| Loops that are used to maintain homeostasis in the body |
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Definition
| Control movement and muscles |
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Definition
| Regulates and controls other parts of the body |
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Definition
| Provides them with the energy needed to send and receive messages throughout the body |
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Definition
| Links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland |
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Definition
| Controlling the motor systems of the brain which are responsible for voluntary bodily movement and coordination |
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Definition
| Responsible for converting external stimuli from the organisms enviornment into internal electrical impulse |
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Definition
| air moves into the lungs but specifically moving into the bronchi eahc bronchus leads to one lung divides into bronchioles and end at alveoli |
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Term
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Definition
| From the trachea air moves into two large tubes in the chest cavity |
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Definition
| Smaller passageways that are divided from a bronchus |
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Definition
| Air moves from the pharynx into the trachea or windpipe |
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Definition
| millions of tiny air sacs noticable when the bronchioles continue to divide until they reach a series of the dead alveoli which are tiny air sacs |
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Definition
| Contains two highly elastic folds of tissues (vocal cords) your ability to sing and shout comes from this |
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Definition
| Air moves through the nose to this cavity at the back of the mouth, permits the passage of swallowed solids and liquids into the esophagus or gullet and conducts air to and from the trachea or windpipe during respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| Air enters the body through the nose where it is filtered, moistened and warmed |
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