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Biology quest 2
Chapters 5-7, 9, 10
38
Biology
Undergraduate 2
04/21/2012

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Term
Autosome
Definition
chromosomes that typically carry genetic information used by an organism for characteristics other than the primary determination of sex
Term
ATP
Definition
ADP+P-->ATP (energy in)
ATP-->ADP+P+energy
Term
Substrate
Definition
the substance the enzyme works on
Term
Antigen
Definition
on blood cell: A has A antigens, AB has both A and B antigens
Term
Haploid
Definition
1n- 23 chromosomes
Term
Somatic
Definition
body cells; mitosis occurs in these
Term
Dominant
Definition
a trait that requires the presence of 1 allele to show the trait
Term
Genotype
Definition
what type of gene it is (letters)
Term
Polygenic
Definition
a number of different pairs of alleles may combine their efforts to determine a characteristic
Term
Antibody
Definition
warriors (anti B antibodies for type A blood)
Term
Transfusion
Definition
blood; negative can give to positive blood types; O negative is universal donor; AB positive is universal recipient
Term
Kinetic Energy
Definition
energy in use
Term
APD
Definition
APD + P (Phosphate) --> ATP
Term
Centromere
Definition
connects 2 chromatids
Term
Zygote
Definition
conception to 3 months
Term
Allele
Definition
alternate forms of a gene
Term
Gene pool
Definition
all the possible pairs of a trait
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
the alleles of a gene pair are different
Term
Recessive
Definition
a trait that requires the presence of both alleles to show the trait
Term
Chromatid
Definition
part of a chromosome
Term
Chromatin
Definition
jumbled DNA in interphase
Term
Gamete
Definition
sex cells; meiosis occurs in these
Term
Karyotype
Definition
picture of chromosomes in cell arranged largest to smallest
Term
Phenotype
Definition
the appearance of a trait (words)
Term
Homozygous
Definition
both alleles in the gene pair are identical
Term
Sex-Linked traits
Definition
hemophilia, color blindness, Duchene Muscular Dystrophy
Term
Chromosome
Definition
visible (starts in prophase)
Term
Aerobic Respiration
Definition
needs oxygen
Term
Anaerobic Respiration
Definition
does not need oxygen
Term
Diploid
Definition
2n- 46 chromosomes
Term
Homologous
Definition
Pair of chromosomes (tetrads) in sex cells
Term
Spindle Fibers
Definition
appear during metaphase
Term
Monosomy
Definition
one allele is present
Term
Incomplete Dominance
Definition
heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between either of the homozygous phenotypes (curly/straight hair)
Term
Co-dominance
Definition
one allele is equally dominant to another (both phenotypes show up)
ex: blood types
Term
Trisomy
Definition
3 alleles are present (XXX)
Term
Active Site
Definition
where the substrate is broken down
Term
Nondisjuction
Definition
failure of chromosome to seperate
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