Term
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Definition
| Welcome to the Bone Yard!! |
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Term
| Main Functions of the Skelatal System: |
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Definition
-Provide body support
-Attachment for muscles (movement)
-Protection of internal structures (brain, spinal cord, chest & abdominal organs)
-Communication (Ossicles in ear)
-Mineral Storage (calcium and phosphorus
- Blood Cell Production |
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Term
| Three types of Bone cells: |
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Definition
1)Osteocytes
2)Osteoblasts
3)Osteoclasts |
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Term
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Definition
former osteoblasts that trapped themselves
They stay dormant till a major event (fracture)
Found in the chambers of bone |
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Term
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Definition
-form bone from calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in blood
-Built up around a protein core allowing for flexibility |
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Term
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Definition
| -Dissolve bone to maintain blood calcium levels and restructure |
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Term
| How is this "give and take" process balanced? |
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Definition
-It be balanced by the influence of hormones(estrogen, IGF-1, PTH)
-nutrients
-weight stress |
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Term
| How is the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts regulated? |
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Definition
-Regulated by levels of Ca availability
-Signaling molecules in cells (when they need they fix they hollar!) |
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Term
| What is the focus of most new therapies for bone loss? |
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Definition
| -the signaling molecules in cells that affect the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts |
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Term
| Bone and calcium metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Spongy portion
2.compact (dense) casing |
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Term
| what is the name of the spongy portion? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Shaft of long bones are tubes filled with ________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Marrow is the tissue that produces our red blood cells, some white blood cells, and platelets. Platelets are a blood cell too! |
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Term
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Definition
1. Red Marrow- Produces Blood cells (only found in some places)
2. Yellow Marrow-stores fat molecules
- can be converted into red marrow when there is a need. after need is fulfilled it is then turn into yellow again. YAY! |
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Term
| What are some other interesting tidbits about marrow? |
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Definition
-Storehouse for Ca, P, and Mg (confusing since this isn't bone)
-built around collagen and cores and blood vessels |
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Term
| As we age, Osteoblasts tend to _____ there bone output leading to a net _______ in bone mass> |
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Definition
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Term
| Decreasing bone mass begins in _____ ______, speeds up with loss of ________. |
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Definition
| early adulthood, hormones |
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Term
| Which bone tissue is affected first from age-related bone mass loss? |
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Definition
Trabecular bone!!
What is trabecular bone again?
....
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....
IT'S THE SPONGY PORTION!!! |
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Term
| As we age, columns in ________ _____ become poorly ________, do not function as well together |
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Definition
| Cortical Bone, Integrated |
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Term
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Definition
Loss of bone and its density.
->24 million affected and 80% females |
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Term
| Osteoporosis affects over ___% of females over _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Two types of Osteoporosis. |
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Definition
1) Type I- Post menopausal-affects trabecular>cortical
2)Type II-Senile
-affects cortical>trabecular |
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Term
| What are the two bones are most suspect to the effects of osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| Hip fractures and Vertebral crush |
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Term
| Why is the hip and vertebrae at the most risk? |
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Definition
| The upper part of femur and vertebrae are mostly trabecular; therefore, these bones lose mass earlier and faster. |
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Term
| ________ promotes bone production and slows its loss |
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Definition
Estrogen
I'm not a retarded fish frog...I'm a woman! |
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Term
| This is one of the treatments for osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy |
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Term
| ___ also plays a big role in bone production and degradation |
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Definition
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Term
| Calcium uptake depends on _________ __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin D is needed to make _______ ____________ ________ for the intestine |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin D is made from ______ via ____ ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the risk factors for Osteoporosis? |
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Definition
-Genetic Link to bone strength
-excess protein, sodium, caffeine, alcohol, smoking or excess fiber in diet (increases calcium excretion), sodas? |
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Term
| What can you do to prevent/treat Osteoporosis? |
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Definition
-Weight bearing exercises
-Hip replacement
-Biphosphonates
-Got Milk? |
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Term
| How do weight-bearing exercises help stop bone loss? |
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Definition
| they slow calcium loss and can increase bone production |
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Term
| Why is Hip replacement so important? |
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Definition
Need to get back on feet quickly
helps avoid falls |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs that help build bones. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Effects of aging on Joints |
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Definition
-collagen becomes cross-linked (less flexible)
-collagen becomes shorter(range of motion)
-less blood gets to joints, includes vertebrae
-vertebral disk degeneration or herniation
-arthritis |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the joint
The most common disease in the elderly |
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Term
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Definition
Degenerative Joint disease- chronic/progressive diseas
-caused by injury, joint overuse and obesity
-cartilage can't cushion so bones begin to degrade |
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Term
| Who does osteoarthritis affect and where? |
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Definition
affects 75% of over 75-more in women
-Fingers, vertebra, hips and knees
-can also cause bone spurs or swellings |
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Term
| Treatments for osteoarthritis? |
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Definition
-weight loss and low-impact exercises
+anti-inflammatory drugs (cox-2 inhibitors, NSAID's and Steroids)
+Joint replacement |
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Term
| What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? |
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Definition
-inflammatory condition of appendages or back that can occur at any age,
-women 2x more than men
-affects wrists, hands, ankles, and feet
-cause unknown (possibly viral)
-autoimmune |
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Term
| How can autoimmune cause Rheumatoid arthritis? |
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Definition
Joints come under attack by immune system and synovial fluid and cartilage are degraded,
-FREE RADICALS |
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Term
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Definition
-hanging flap of tissue
-In Rheumatoid Arthritis, it forms in joint and is scar tissue.
-causes calcification and fusion
-leads to pain in joints and loss in mobility |
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Term
| What is a major cause of loss of mobility in joints? |
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Definition
| Pain. It makes it hurt to move joints thus you don't move them and you lose them. |
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Term
| Treatments for Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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Definition
+Anti-inflammatory drugs
+Chondroitin??
+exercise
+New therapy attacks B-cells to break autoimmune cycle
+anti-inflammatory corticosteroids used for serous cases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Make food small so that digestive enzymes can work |
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Term
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Definition
-lubricates the upper GI tract letting food flow
-contains enzymes that begin to carbohydrate break down to simple sugars
-contains Bactericidal enzymes |
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