Term
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Definition
| scientific study of the interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment (Concept 34.1) |
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Term
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Definition
| any living part of an environment (Concept 34.1) |
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Definition
| nonliving physical or chemical condition in an environment (Concept 34.1) |
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Definition
| group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area at the same time (Concepts 1.3, 14.3, 34.1) |
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Definition
| all the organisms living in an area (Concept 34.1) |
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Definition
| community of living things plus the nonliving features of the environment that support them (Concepts 1.1, 34.1) |
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Definition
| all the parts of the planet that are inhabited by living things; sum of all Earth's ecosystems (Concepts 1.1, 34.1) |
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Definition
| an organism's specific environment, with characteristic abiotic and biotic factors (Concept 34.1) |
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Definition
| regions between 23.5° N latitude and 23.5° S latitude; warmest temperature zones on Earth (Concept 34.2) |
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Definition
| the regions north of the Arctic Circle (66.5° N) and south of the Antarctic Circle (66.5° S), that receive the smallest amount of direct sunlight year-round (Concept 34.2) |
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Definition
| latitudes between the tropics and polar regions in each hemisphere (Concept 34.2) |
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Definition
| riverlike flow pattern within a body of water (Concept 34.2) |
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Definition
| climate in a specific area that varies from the surrounding climate region (Concept 34.2) |
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Definition
| major type of terrestrial ecosystem that covers a large region of Earth (Concept 34.3) |
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Definition
| type of forest near the equator that receives as much as 250 cm of rainfall yearly (Concept 34.3) |
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Definition
| grassland with scattered trees; found in tropical regions of Africa, Australia, and South America (Concept 34.3) |
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Definition
| land area that receives less than 30 centimeters of rain per year (Concept 34.3) |
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Definition
| temperate coastal biome dominated by dense evergreen shrubs (Concept 34.3) |
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Definition
| biome characterized by deep, nutrient-rich soil that supports many grass species (Concept 34.3) |
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| temperate deciduous forest |
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Definition
| forest in a temperate region, characterized by trees that drop their leaves annually (Concept 34.3) |
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Definition
| forest populated by cone-bearing evergreen trees; mostly found in northern latitudes (Concept 34.3) |
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Definition
| biome in the Arctic Circle or on high mountaintops, characterized by bitterly cold temperatures and high winds (Concept 34.3) |
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Definition
| permanently frozen subsoil (Concept 34.3) |
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Definition
| regions of a body of water where light penetrates, enabling photosynthesis (Concept 34.4) |
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Definition
| microscopic algae and cyanobacteria that carry out photosynthesis (Concepts 17.4, 34.4) |
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Definition
| deep areas of a body of water where light levels are too low to support photosynthesis (Concept 34.4) |
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Definition
| bottom of an aquatic ecosystem; consists of sand and sediment and supports its own community of organisms (Concept 34.4) |
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Definition
| area where fresh water from streams and rivers merges with salty ocean water; productive ecosystem (Concept 34.4) |
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Definition
| open water above the ocean floor (Concept 34.4) |
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Definition
| area of shore between the high-tide and low-tide lines (Concept 34.4) |
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Definition
| area of ocean that extends from the low-tide line out to the edge of the continental shelf (Concept 34.4) |
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Definition
| vast open ocean from the edge of the continental shelf outward (Concept 34.4) |
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Definition
| microscopic animals that swim or drift near the surface of aquatic environments (Concept 17.4. 34.4) |
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Definition
| opening in the ocean floor where hot gases and minerals escape from Earth's interior (Concept 34.4) |
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Definition
| number of individuals of a particular species per unit area or volume (Concept 35.1) |
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Definition
| growth of a population that multiplies by a constant factor at constant time intervals (Concept 35.2) |
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Definition
| condition that restricts a population's growth, such as space, disease, and food availability (Concept 35.2) |
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Definition
| number of organisms in a population that an environment can maintain (Concept 35.2) |
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Term
| density-dependent factory |
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Definition
| factor that limits a population more as population density increases (Concept 35.2) |
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Term
| density-independent factor |
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Definition
| factor unrelated to population density that limits a population (Concept 35.2) |
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Definition
| proportion of people in different age groups in a population (Concept 35.3) |
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Term
| interspecific competition |
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Definition
| competition between species that depend on the same limited resource (Concept 35.4) |
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Definition
| one species succeeding over another when the growth of both species is limited by the same resource (Concept 35.4) |
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Definition
| unique living arrangement of an organism defined by its habitat, food sources, time of day it is most active, and other factors (Concept 35.4) |
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Definition
| interaction in which one organism consumes another (Concept 35.4) |
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Definition
| close interaction between species in which one species lives in or on the other (Concept 35.4) |
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Definition
| relationship in which a parasitic organism obtains its food at the expense of a host organism (Concept 35.4) |
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Definition
| type of symbiotic relationship in which both organisms involved benefit (Concept 35.4) |
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Definition
| symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits, while the other organism is neither harmed nor helped (Concept 35.4) |
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Definition
| series of changes in the species in a community, often following a disturbance (Concept 35.5) |
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Definition
| process by which a community arises in a virtually lifeless area with no soil (Concept 35.5) |
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Definition
| change following a disturbance that damages an existing community but leaves the soil intact (Concept 35.5) |
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Definition
| species moved by humans to new geographic areas, either intentionally or accidentally (Concept 35.5) |
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Definition
| organism that makes its own food (autotroph) and produces organic molecules that serve as food for other organisms in its ecosystem (Concepts 1.3, 7.1, 36.1) |
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Definition
| organism that obtains food by eating producers (autotrophs) or other consumers (Concepts 1.3, 7.1, 36.1) |
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Definition
| organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms (Concept 36.1) |
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Definition
| feeding level in an ecosystem (Concept 36.1) |
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Definition
| pathway of food transfer from one trophic level to another (Concept 36.1) |
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Definition
| consumer that eats only producers (Concept 36.1) |
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Definition
| consumer that eats only other consumers (Concept 36.1) |
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Definition
| consumer that eats both producers and consumers (Concept 36.1) |
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Definition
| consumer that feeds directly on producers (Concept 36.1) |
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Definition
| consumer that eats primary consumers (Concept 36.1) |
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Definition
| consumer that eats secondary consumers (Concept 36.1) |
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Definition
| wastes and remains of dead organisms (Concept 36.1) |
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Definition
| pattern of feeding in an ecosystem consisting of interconnected and branching food chains (Concept 36.1) |
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Term
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Definition
| organic material manufactured by producers (Concept 36.2) |
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Term
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Definition
| rate at which producers in an ecosystem build biomass (Concept 36.2) |
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Definition
| diagram representing energy loss from one trophic level to the next (Concept 36.2) |
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Definition
| diagram representing the biomass in each trophic level of an ecosystem (Concept 36.2) |
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Definition
| representation of the number of individual organisms in each trophic level of an ecosystem (Concept 36.2) |
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Definition
| process by which certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas to ammonia (Concepts 21.1, 36.3) |
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Definition
| process by which certain bacteria convert ammonium to nitrates (Concept 36.3) |
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Definition
| evaporation of water from a plant's leaves (Concepts 21.2, 36.3) |
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Definition
| clearing of forests for agriculture, lumber, or other uses (Concept 36.4) |
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Definition
| process by which atmospheric gases trap heat close to Earth's surface and prevent it from escaping into space (Concepts 8.4, 36.4) |
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Definition
| rise in Earth's average temperature (Concept 36.4) |
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Definition
| rapid growth of algae in bodies of water, due to high levels of nitrogen and often phosphate (Concept 36.4) |
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Definition
| precipitation that contains nitric and/or sulfuric acids (Concept 36.4) |
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Definition
| addition of substances to the environment that result in a negative effect (Concept 36.4) |
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Definition
| process by which pollutants become more concentrated in successive trophic levels of a food web (Concept 36.4) |
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Definition
| atmospheric gas (O3) that absorbs ultraviolet radiation, shielding organisms from its damaging effects (Concept 36.4) |
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Definition
| variety of life on Earth (Concept 36.5) |
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Definition
| practice of harvesting or hunting to such a degree that remaining individuals may not be able to replenish the population (Concept 36.5) |
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Definition
| application of biology to counter the loss of biodiversity (Concept 36.5) |
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Definition
| area of land that is relatively undisturbed by humans and is surrounded by buffer zones that are minimally impacted by humans (Concept 36.5) |
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Definition
| area of a reserve that is minimally impacted by humans (Concept 36.5) |
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Definition
| use of natural resources in a way that allows them to renew themselves and be available for the future (Concept 36.5) |
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Term
the carbon and oxygen cycle |
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