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- thing being tested in an experiment
- the one variable that is different between the control and experimental groups |
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- variable that changes because of the independent variable
-variable that is measured in the experiment |
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| used to compare results with the experimental group to see if the independent variable has an effect |
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| Control variables/constants |
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| things kept the same between control and experimental groups |
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| testable statement, possible explanation |
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| thoroughly tested explanation that applies to a broad range of phenomena. |
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| A statement describing a natural phenomenon that is always true |
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| maintaining a constant internal environment |
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| all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism |
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| low pH, release hydrogen ions, turn litmus paper red |
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| high pH, release hydroxide ions, turn litmus paper blue |
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substance that changes color in the presence of a certain substance.
-litmus paper turns red in acid
-iodine turns black in starch |
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| law of conservation of mass |
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Definition
| matter can neither be created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions |
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| building blocks of polymers, single unit, e.g. glucose or amino acids |
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| large molecule made of many monomers linked together |
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| combining molecules while removing water |
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| breaking apart molecules with the addition of water |
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-used for quick energy
-monomers = monosaccharides
- polymers = polysaccharides
contain C, H, & O
-e.g. starch and glucose |
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Definition
- used to store a lot of energy
- contain C, H, & O
- fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol |
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- made of amino acids
- functions include hormones, enzymes, structural molecules |
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- DNA and RNA
- made of nucleotides
- store hereditary information |
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| speed up chemical reactions, made of proteins, shape determines function |
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Term
| How does temperature affect enzyme activity? |
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Definition
| Each enzyme functions at a specific temperature. Too low or too high temperatures make the enzymes work more slowly. Really high temperatures make enzymes denature (unfold) so they won't work at all. |
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| How does pH affect enzyme activity? |
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Definition
| Each enzyme works at a specific pH. Activity slows down at too high or too low pH. |
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Definition
| cells with no nuclei or organelles, e.g. bacteria |
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| cells with nuclei & organelles, e.g. plants & animals |
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| cell membrane - function & structure |
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Definition
- controls what enters & leaves cell (selectively permeable)
- phospholipid bilayer |
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| rigid structure used for support, found only in plant cells |
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| makes energy for the cell |
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- storage of water, wastes, etc.
- animals have several small vacuoles, plants have a large central vacuole |
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| controls the cell, stores DNA |
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| movement of substances from high to low concentration |
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| movement of materials from low to high concentration using energy |
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| energy molecule of the cell |
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Definition
| diffusion through a protein channel |
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Term
| How do you make a wet mount? |
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Definition
1. place object on microscope slide
2. add a drop or two of water
3. place coverslip on slide at a 45 degree angle and slowly lower coverslip |
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Term
| How can you add stain or a solution to a slide without removing the coverslip? |
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Definition
1. place a papertowel at one end of the coverslip.
2. add a drop of the stain/liquid to the opposite side of the coverslip |
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| any non-living part of the environment |
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| any living part of the environment |
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| A group of organism’s living in the same area |
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| All the populations living in the same area |
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| All the interactions between populations and communites |
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| The role or “job” of an organism |
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| Must get food from other organisms |
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| Describe four points of the food chain. |
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Definition
1. Begin with energy from sun
2. Plant are always the first level
3. Usually 4-5 levels
4. All levels connect to decomposers |
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| Succession that occurs after a community is disrupted by natural or human disasters |
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| Succession that results in new soil & land formations |
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| The first species to inhabit a new area |
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| The stable mature community that persists and undergoes very little change |
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| The maximum number of organisms the environment can support |
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| What happens to energy as it moves from level in the food chain to the next? |
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Definition
| Energy is lost as it moves from level in teh food chain to the next. |
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| Describe the Carbon Cycle |
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Definition
Found naturally in atmosphere as CO2
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Decay & Fossil fuels
Respiration |
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| When organisms fight over limited resources |
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The variety of species in an area
E.g. corn field vs. rain forest |
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| Why is biodiversity important? |
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Definition
Stability
E.g. hard for a pest to destroy all plants in diverse environment like a rain forest |
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| Process where chemical becomes highly concentrated in the bodies of upper level consumers |
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| Introduction of organisms that are not native (natural) to an area |
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| Occurs when sulfur & nitrogen combine with water |
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| Change in the climate (temp, precipitation, wind) last for an extended period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs when sunlight passes through atmosphere gases
CO2, methane, H2O vapor
Gases trap & absorbs the sunlight resulting in an overall warming effect
Pollution can increase this effect |
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Definition
The ozone layer is made of ozone gas (O3) and is found between 20-50km above the Earth’s surface.
Absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight
CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) cause ozone to break down
Found in aerosols, refrigerators, & air conditioners
Ozone holes form
UV light can enter atmosphere
Kills producers
Cause cancer |
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Definition
accelerated aging process in a pond / succession
caused by organic water pollution |
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| use natural resources at a rate that does not deplete them. |
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| biotic or abiotic factors that can limit a populations size |
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