Term
|
Definition
| A substance made of the joined atoms of two or more elements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the proportion 1:2:1. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The building blocks of carbohydrates, which are single sugars. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nonpolar molecules that are not soluble or mostly insoluble in water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large molecule formed by linked smaller molecules, called amino acids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The building blocks of proteins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Has three parts: a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group, which contain phosphorus and oxygen atoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A single nucleotide with two extra energy-storing phosphate groups. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measure of the clarity of an image. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and any internal compartments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A structure that carries out specific activities in the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A lipid made of a phosphate group and two fatty acids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The basic structure of a biological membrane, composed of two layers of phospholipids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An extensive system of internal membranes that move proteins and other substances through the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A small, membrane-bound sac that transports substances in cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small, spherical organelles that contain the cell's digestive enzymes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organelles that use light energy to make carbs from carbon dioxide and water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A difference in the concentration of a substance across the distance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| That state in which a chemical reaction and the reverse chemical reaction occur at the same rate such that the concentrations of reactants and products do not change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pore in a cell membrane through which ions can pass. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteins that transport substances across a cell membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentrated gradient with the aid of carrier proteins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The transport of a substance across the cell membrane against its concentration gradient. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transports three sodium ions out of a cell, and two potassium ions into the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of a substance into a cell by a vesicle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of a substance by a vesicle to the outside of a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A protein that binds to a specific signal molecule enabling the cell to respond to the signal molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acts as the signal molecule in the cytoplasm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism's reproductive cells; such as sperm or egg cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cell, such as a somatic cell, that contains two sets of chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cell, such as a gamete, that contains one set of chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex of an individual. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs when portions of a chromatid on one homologous chromosome are broken and exchanged with the corresponding chromatid portions of other homologous chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The passing of characters from parents to offspring. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cross that involves one pair of contrasting traits. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All of the offspring display only one form of the character. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The set of alleles that an individual has for a character. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A molecule made of nucleotides linked together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A nitrogen base found in nucleotides. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process in which the instructions for making a protein are transferred from a gene to an RNA molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process where cells use two different types of RNA to read the instructions on the RNA molecule and put together the amino acids that make up a protein. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The entire process by which proteins are made based on the information encoded in the DNA (protein synthesis). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An enzyme that adds and links complimentary RNA nucleotides during transcription. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A series of three nucleotide sequences on the mRNA that the RNA instructions are written on. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rule that describes how a sequence of nucleotides read in groups of three consecutive nucleotides that correspond that specific amino acids, specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecules are single strands of RNA that temporarily carry a specific amino acid on one end. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A three-nucleotide sequence on a tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RNA molecules that are part of the structure of ribosomes. |
|
|
