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Biology Mid-term
Ecology, Organic Chem, Cells...
105
Biology
10th Grade
01/16/2011

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Term
Scientific Method
Definition
Observation
Question
Hypothesis
Experiment/Test
Results/Data
Conclusions
Term
What is Ecology?
Definition
Study of Ecosystems
Term
Abiotic Def and examples
Definition
Non-living
radiation
light
wind
water
fire...
Term
Biotic Def and examples
Definition
Living
plants
animals
bacteria...
Term
Levels of organization:
Definition
organ
organism
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere
(earth, solar system, galaxies, universe)
Term
Food chain
Definition
Sun
producer
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary consumer...
decomposer
Term
Food chain example
Definition
sun
grass
grasshopper
bird
fox
coyote
bacteria
Term
how much energy is passed along each trophic level, and where does the lost energy go?
Definition
10% passes on
used by consumer... then waste...
Term
why is a pyramid a good shape for a food chain?
what does it represent?
Definition
shows the positions (producer primary secondary...)
shows energy loss
Term
How is a food web different from a food chain?
Definition
web is more complex, shows more... chain is good to show energy loss and direct... web shows where that animal gets the other 90% of its energy...
Term
How can one specie in a food chain affect all the others?
Definition
can stop the chain or make it unbalanced... if it dies out or multiplies to much...
Term
Transpiration and Evaporation
Definition
ways water enters atomosphere
Term
Condensation
Definition
water in the atmosphere
Term
Precipitation
Definition
falling water (rain)
Term
groundwater
Definition
water collected in the ground
Term
Camouflage
Definition
blends w surroundings
Term
warning coloration
Definition
bright colors to warn predators of poison
Term
Mimicry
Definition
mimics another animal... like frog mimics poisonous frog
Term
neutralism
Definition
no relationship
Term
competition
Definition
two species w/ similar niche's
Term
predation
Definition
one eats the other
Term
ammensalism
Definition
harmed, other not effected
Term
parasitism
Definition
parasite obtains food at expense of other (host)
Term
commensalism
Definition
one benefits while other is neither harmed nor helped
Term
mutualism
Definition
both organisms benefit from relationship
Term
atmospheric Nitrogen
Definition
N2
gaseous nitrogen
(nitrogen in atmosphere
Term
nitrogen fixation
Definition
process of converting atmospheric nitrogen to nitrogen-containing compounds
Term
nitrification
Definition
process of turning ammonia into nitrites and nitrates...
when nitrites and nitrates are absorbed by plants
Term
nitrifying bacteria
Definition
coverts nitrites to nitrates
Term
ammonia
Definition
converts to ammonia ions nitrites and nitrates
Term
ammonium
Definition
absorbed by plants or converted into nitrites
Term
nitrites
Definition
converted to nitrates using nitrifying bacteria
Term
nitrates
Definition
absorbed and used by plants
Term
decomposers
Definition
bacteria that breaks down dead organic matter
Term
denitrification
Definition
takes nitrogen out of soil and back into atmosphere
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
process where plants take in CO2 and release O2
Term
fossil fuels
Definition
burning this is one way CO2 is released into the atmosphere
Term
cellular respiration
Definition
another way CO2 is released into the atmosphere
Term
decomposers Carbon-Oxygen cycle
Definition
another way CO2 is released into the atmosphere
Term
volcanic acid
Definition
another way CO2 is released into the atmosphere
Term
CO2 into atmosphere
Definition
burning fossil fuels
animals breathing
decomposition
volcanic acid
Term
Exponential growth
Definition
penny on first day and double the value every day...
J
Term
Linear growth
Definition
steady diagnal
$1,000 a day
Term
carrying capacity
Definition
The limit of individuals an ecosystem can hold at a time.
Term
Tundra
Definition
frozen ground
brief growing season
permafrost
reindeer, caribou, artic foxes...
one-fifth of earth's land surface
Term
Coniferous Forest
Definition
pines, spruces, and firs
rainfall
deer, elk, moose, snowshoe hares...
Term
Temperate Grassland
Definition
prairies
grasses cover vast areas
bison, pronghorn, cattle, sheep, gophers, foxes...
wheat, corn
Term
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Definition
abundant annual rainfall
moderate temps
maples, oak, chestnuts, ferns...
falling leaves...
4seasons
foxes, deer, squirrels, wild turkey...
Term
Chaparral
Definition
mild temp
abundant winter rain, dry summers
trees, shrubs
med sea
california
mexico
coyotes, rabbits, lizards...
fires
Term
Tropical Deciduous Forest
Definition
rainy season dry season...
africa australia
trees and bushes
tigers, elephants, reptiles...
Term
Tropical Grassland
Definition
savanna
scattered trees
warm
average rainfall
major dry season
fire
zebras, giraffes, antelope...
consistent temp
close to equator
Term
Tropical Rain Forest
Definition
lot of rain
high temp
vines
monkeys, apes, geckos, snakes, frogs
tree animals
Term
Desert
Definition
low rainfall
cactus
shrubs
hot or cold
insects, rodents, reptiles, birds
little to no life exists
Term
What makes a compound organic?
Definition
H and C
(hydrogen and carbon)
Term
carbohydrates functions
Definition
energy
structure in plants
Term
carbohydrates elements
Definition
C
H
O
Term
carbohydrates monomer
Definition
monosaccharide
Term
shape of a carbohydrate monosaccharide
Definition
hexagon
Term
carbohydrates monosaccharide examples
Definition
glucose
fructose
lactose
Term
carbohydrates disaccharide shape
Definition
hexagon connected by hexagon
Term
carbohydrates disaccharide example
Definition
sucrose
Term
carbohydrates polysaccharide shape
Definition
hexagon connected by hexagon connected by hexagon
Term
carbohydrates polysaccharide examples
Definition
starch glycogen cellulose
Term
lipid atoms
Definition
C
O
H
Term
are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic
Definition
hydrophobic
Term
lipids functions
Definition
insulation
energy
hormones
Term
Fats monomer
Definition
triglyceride
Term
triglyceride shape
Definition
jellyfish
|-
|-
|-
Term
what makes a triglyceride saturated or unsaturated?
Definition
maxed or not maxed with hydrogen's
Term
which is healthier? saturated or unsaturated triglycerides
Definition
unsaturated
Term
steroid examples
Definition
cholesterol
estrogen
testosterone
Term
what is the difference between healthy and unhealthy cholesterol?
Definition
ldl gets stuck in arteries
hdl can run through smoothly
Term
protein atoms
Definition
C
H
O
N
Term
Protein functions
Definition
everything except energy
Term
Protein monomer
Definition
amino acid
Term
protein enzymes function
Definition
speed up reactions
Term
Nucleic Acids atoms
Definition
C
H
O
N
P
Term
Nucleic Acids example
Definition
DNA
RNA
Term
Nucleic Acid monomer
Definition
nucleotide
Term
2 parts to a nucleotide
Definition
sugar
base
phosphate
Term
what is the function of DNA and RNA?
Definition
genetic material
Term
Cells
Definition
basic unit of life
perform all functions of living things
come from existing cells
Term
Prokaryotic cells
Definition
simple
no nucleus
no membrane-bound organelles
bacteria
Term
Eukaryotic cells
Definition
more complex
larger
nucleus
membrane-bound organelles
plants, animals
Term
Animal cells plasma membrane
Definition
phospholipid bilayer
Term
hydrophobic of animal cell
hydrophilic of animal cell
Definition
outside
inside
Term
plants cell boundaries
Definition
cell wall
provides structure in plants- strong and box-shaped
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
liquid of the cell
Term
mitochondria...
what does it make...
why is it called the "power house" of the cell...?
Definition
atp
provides energy
Term
Ribosomes make ________
and are located ____________
Definition
Protein
E.R.
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
makes protein
Term
what is located on the rough ER
Definition
ribosomes
Term
each type of ER specializes in __________
Definition
transporting substances through the cell
Term
Golgi Apparatus function
Definition
processes and packages complex proteins and lipids
Term
Lysosome functions
Definition
breaks down ingested substances and old organelles
Term
microtubules
Definition
support for the cell
Term
microfilaments
Definition
lets cell change shape
Term
chloroplast
and function
Definition
found in plants
photosynthesis
Term
nucleus
Definition
stores cells genetic material (DNA)
Term
what is in the nucleoulus
Definition
RNA
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
burst
Term
hypertonic
Definition
shriveled up
Term
process of plasmolysis
Definition
when plant cell membranes shrink away from cell wall
Term
active transport
Definition
low to high
energy
Term
passive transport
Definition
no energy
high to low
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