Which is a product of anaerobic respiration?

a. Glucose

b. Oxygen Gas

c. Water

d. All

e. None

Complete breakdown of pyruciv acid with O2 is an

a. anaerobic process reasing lots of energy

b. anaerobic process that produces lactic acid or alcohol

c. aerobic proces that produces litle useable energy

d. aerobic process that produces lactic acid and alcohol

e. none of the above

Electrons removed from NADH during fermentation are accepted by

a. FAD

b. ADP

c. NAD+

d. pyruvic acid

e. oxygen gas

______ splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

a. Kreb's cycle

b. glycolysis

c. photolysis

d. transition reaction

e. oxygen gas

or every glucose metabolized aerobically by a cell, ____ active acetates enter Kreb's cycle.

a. one

b. two

c. three

d. four

e. non of the above

If 40 molecules of alcohol are produced in fermentation, the ___ molecules of glucose were metabolized in glycolysis.

a. ten

b. twenty

c. forty

d. eighty

e. non of the above

which o the following reaction sequences produces the most ATP/glucose?

a. Krebs cycle

b. electron trans

c. fermentation

d. transiion rxn

e. glycolysis

Electrons removed from glucose during glycolysis are acceptred by:

a. FAD

b. NAD+

c. ADP

d. pyruvic acid

e. active acetate

At the end of electron trans chain, electrons are passed to:

a. NAD+

b. ADP

c. Cytochrome pigments

d. oxygen

e. carbon

____ molecule(s) of carbon dioxide woul be produced in Kreb's for every glucose that is metabolized aerobically.

a. one

b. two

c. four

d. six

e. none of the above

NADH that are produced in Kreb's from a single glucose will produce ___ ATP in electron transport.

a. three

b. six

c. nine

d. eighteen

e. nota

Flavin adenine dinuleotide is reduced in

a. glycolysis

b. transition

c. electron transport

d. krebs

e. fermenttion

Which reaction sequence produces the most reduced NAD/Glucose?

a. glycolysis

b. Krebs

c. transition

d. election trans

e. fermentation

Pyruvic acid is reduced in

a. transition

b. glcolysis

c.fermentation

d. Kreb's

e. electron trans

What is the last product formed in aerobic respiration?

a. pyruvic acid

b. CO2

c. O2

d. H2O

e. NADH

first step in metabolism of glucose is:

a. ETS

b. trans

c. Kreb's

d. Fermentation

e. glycolysis

ATP is both a product and reactant in

a. Glycolysis

b. trans

c. Krebs

d. aota

e. nota

without coupled rxns in cell respiration:

a. endergonic steps wold not proceed.

b. exergonic steps would not occur spontaneously

c. ATP molecules couldnt be hydrolyzed into ADP

d. aota

e. nota

The ATP produced from the energy in NADH and FADH2 is formed by

a. cyclic photophosphorylation

b. substrate level phosphorylation

c. non-cyclic photophosphorylation

d. oxidative phosphorylation

e. nota

ATP is produced by a proton gradient during:

a. substrate level phosphorylation

b. oxidative phosphorylation

c. photophosphorylation

d. sbstrate and oxidative

e. oxidative and photo..

Wich cannot be sythesized by the metabolic pool?

a. glycogen

b. triglycerides

c. essential amino acids

d. non-essential amino acids

e. aota

Which can be metabolized in metabolic pool to make ATP?

a. protein

b. glucose

c. starch

d. glycogen

e. aota

Wich is a product of photsynthesis?

a. CO2

b. O2

c. H2O

d. light

e. nota

Light absorption for photosynthesis occurs mostly in which part of leaf?

a. palisade meophyll

b. lower epidermis

c. spongy mesophyll

d. vascular tissue

e. guard cells

Water vapor loss rom internal spaces of leaf is controlled by osmotic regulation of the

a. palisade meophyll

b. guard cells

c. spongy meophyll

d. vascular tissue

e. cuticle

Waxy material on outer leaf surface:

a. epidermis

b. stomata

c. palisade meophyll

d. vascular tisse

e. cuticle

Where in leaf does thermochemical rxn occur?

a. cytoplasm

b. thylakoid

c. mitochondria

d. stroma

e. nucleus

Whcih rxn sequence directly requires chlorophyll?a. photochemical

b. thermochmical

c. both

d. nota

NADPH is oxidized in the

a. photochemical rxn

b. thermochemical rxn

c. both

d. nota

When electron are cninually cycled in Photosystem 1

a. ATP increases in chloroplast

b. NADPH is made from NDP in cholor

c. noncyclic photophosphoylation si occuring

d. aota

e. nota

Which doesnt provide energy for thermochemical rxn of photosynthesis?

a. cyclic photophos..

b. photoreduction

c. noncyclic photophos...

d. photolysis

e. nota

Duplicated chromosome seperated during what stage?

a. Meta

b. ana

c. pro

d. telo

e. inter

Alignment of replicated chromosomes along middle plate occurs during

a. meta

b. telo

c. pro

d. inter

e. ana

Replicated chromo become visible for first time during which stage?

a. inter

b. telo

c. meta

d. ana

e. pro

the events of ___ and ___ essentially offset ea other in terms of what changes are occurring in the cell.

a. meta, ana

b. pro, teo

c. inter, meta

d. telo, ana

e. pro, meta

Sister chromatids no longer in

a. meta

b. ana

c. pro

d. gap II

e. always present

Is part of cell cycle but technically not part of mitosis?

a. pro

b. inter

c. metad. ana

e. aota

Shortening these microtublules pulls genetic material to ea end of cell.

a. astral

b. kinetochore

c. polar

d. kinetochore and polar

e. astral and polar

ell with 24 chromosomes would contain __ sister chromatids at end of G1 in cell cycle.

a. six

b. twelve

c. twentyfour

d. fourtyeight

e. nota

Nuclear content of a cell is divided into two identical daughter nuclei during

a. inter

b. cytokinesis

c. mitosis

d. meiosis

e. nota

cytokinesis:

a. alway follows nucear division in cell

b. occurs same in plants and animals

c. results in four equal size female gametes

d. involves microfilamnts in animal cells

e. aota

Which is characheteristic of sexual reproduction?

a. offsprin formed are genetic clones of parents.

b. single parnt is involved in process

c. haploid gametes utiized to produce diploid zygote

d. aota

e. nota

Homologous chromo pairs partitioned into two cells during

a. meiosis I

b. Meiosis II

c. mitosis

d. aota

e. nota

Process of rossing over associated with

a. meiosis I

b. meiosis II

c. Mitosis

d. aota

e. nota

Alt expressions of gene found on locus are

a. genotypes

b. phenotypes

c. traits

d. alleles

e. nota

Organism with genotype eeFFggHH can make __ unique gametes:

a. two

b. four

c. six

d. eight

e. nota

Monohybrid cross ex.

a. Dd x Dd

b. TtBB xTtbb

c. A_ x aa

d. ccDD x CCdd

e. FfGg x FfGg

Phenotype of (TT) is different from pheotype of (Tt) in

a. codominance

b. complete dominance

c. incomplete dominance

d. incomplete penetrance

e. epistasis

One attached ad one free earlobe, determined by single genelocus on a homologos pair is showing

a. incomplete penetrance

b. multiple alleles

c. variable expresssivity

d. pleiotopy

e. lethat genes

Albino deer have genes for coat and eye color, but are not expressied in phenotype. ex of:

a. pleiotropy

b. multiple alleles

c. complete dominance

d. variable expresivity

e. epistasis

Pleiotropy:

a. two traights on same chromosome

b. mates of earless andlong eared create short eared

c. wheat ranges from white to red, several genes control

d. cystic fibrosis gene causing many symptomes

e. albno doesnt show skin, hair or eye color genes of phenotype

Genetic trains in chromosome 1-22 considered

a. autosomal

b. sex-linked

c. pleotropic

d. polygenic

e. epistatic

Genetic traits, like brown tooth spotting, found on X chromo considered

a. sex limited

b. sex linked

c. sex influenced

d. autosomal

e. nota

__ can be passed on to both sexes in humans.

a. x-linked

b. sex limited

c. sex influenced

d. aota

e. nota

Complementary base pairing in DNA:

a. Avery, McCarty and Mcleod

b. Meischer

c. Griffith

d. Feulgen

e. Chargaff

Monomer unit of DNA

a. amino acid

b. nitrogenous base

c. codon

d. nucleotide

e. polypeptide

These nitrongenous bases contain a double ring and are known as__.

a. A and G, purines

b. G and C, pyrimidines

c. T and A, purines

d. A and C, purines

e. C and T, pyrimidines

Instructions in DNA used to synthesize

a. lipids

b. proteins

c. ATP

d. carb

e. aota

___ helps package DNA into compact mass of chromatin

a. mRNA

b. histone

c. DNA polymerase

d. tRNA

e. helicase

mRNA plymer is formed from NA template during

a. trnascription

b. translation

c. replication

d. aota

e. both A and B

Complementary pairing of nitrogenous bases occurs during

a. replication

b. translation

c. transcription

d. rep and transcription

e. rep, transcription and translation

__ occurs at ribosome surface

a. replication

b. translation

c. transcription

d. aota

e. nota

Nitrogenous bases become temp separated during

a. replication

b. translation

c. transcription

d. all 3

e. replication and transcription

DNA polymerase is involve in

a. transcription

b. translation

c. replication

d.  A and B

e. A and C

__ is common to DNA and RNA

a. thymine

b. double helix sape

c. cytosine

d. deoxyribose sugar

e. nota

Which picks up AA from cytoplasm and delivers to ribosome surface?

a. tRNA

b. mRNA

c. rRNA

d. RNA polymerase

e. histone

RNA inolved in transcription

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. more then one, not all

e. nota

odon GA have anticodon of

a. AGA

b. TCT

c. UCU

d. TGT

e. ACA

Single base in DNA replaced with new letter, nown as __ mutation

a. frameshift

b. germ

c. somatic

d. point